biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... My doctoral studies focused on studying FA metabolism in the deadly protozoan parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in res ...
... My doctoral studies focused on studying FA metabolism in the deadly protozoan parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in res ...
Wax ester fermentation and fatty acid biosynthesis in the facultatively
... estimated at least 1.5 Ga together with the discovery of the unicellular eukaryotes architarchs and multicellular red algae which must have possessed mitochondria (Javaux et al. 2001; Butterfield 2000). At the time deep ocean water was still anoxic and the sulfide level was very high. The advent of ...
... estimated at least 1.5 Ga together with the discovery of the unicellular eukaryotes architarchs and multicellular red algae which must have possessed mitochondria (Javaux et al. 2001; Butterfield 2000). At the time deep ocean water was still anoxic and the sulfide level was very high. The advent of ...
Functional Characterization of Nine Norway
... Constitutive and induced terpenoids are important defense compounds for many plants against potential herbivores and pathogens. In Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), treatment with methyl jasmonate induces complex chemical and biochemical terpenoid defense responses associated with traumatic resi ...
... Constitutive and induced terpenoids are important defense compounds for many plants against potential herbivores and pathogens. In Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), treatment with methyl jasmonate induces complex chemical and biochemical terpenoid defense responses associated with traumatic resi ...
pH stability of HLA-DR4 complexes with antigenic peptides .
... between MHC proteins and antigenic peptides containing aspartic and glutamic acid residues. Some of these complexes show an unusual pH dependence, dissociating much more rapidly at pH 7 than at pH 5.3. This occurs when the carboxylate group of the aspartic or glutamic acid residue is located in a ne ...
... between MHC proteins and antigenic peptides containing aspartic and glutamic acid residues. Some of these complexes show an unusual pH dependence, dissociating much more rapidly at pH 7 than at pH 5.3. This occurs when the carboxylate group of the aspartic or glutamic acid residue is located in a ne ...
Late events of translation initiation in bacteria: a kinetic analysis
... integration (Materials and methods). For the ®tting, the model presented below (Scheme 1A) was used. In the ®rst step, the 30S initiation complex binds the 50S subunit. As shown above, this step was fast compared with the subsequent reactions and was therefore not considered in the kinetic model (Ma ...
... integration (Materials and methods). For the ®tting, the model presented below (Scheme 1A) was used. In the ®rst step, the 30S initiation complex binds the 50S subunit. As shown above, this step was fast compared with the subsequent reactions and was therefore not considered in the kinetic model (Ma ...
Nutrient transport into germinating Trichoderma
... 2-week-old cultures grown at 27 uC were used for transport experiments. Five millilitres of sterile water was added to the surface of an agar slant and the conidia were carefully scraped off with a sterile needle. Conidial suspension was aseptically filtered through several layers of gauze, and wash ...
... 2-week-old cultures grown at 27 uC were used for transport experiments. Five millilitres of sterile water was added to the surface of an agar slant and the conidia were carefully scraped off with a sterile needle. Conidial suspension was aseptically filtered through several layers of gauze, and wash ...
Analysis of the Role of Mitochondria of Sake in Fermentation Technologies
... Since sake yeast belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Akao et al. 2011), it is a facultative anaerobe, just as S. cerevisiae and can grow both with and without molecular oxygen. During respiration, namely, in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of fermentable sugars, sake yeast uses mitochondr ...
... Since sake yeast belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Akao et al. 2011), it is a facultative anaerobe, just as S. cerevisiae and can grow both with and without molecular oxygen. During respiration, namely, in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of fermentable sugars, sake yeast uses mitochondr ...
Pyruvate : NADP+ Oxidoreductase from the Mitochondrion of
... acetyl-CoA from PNO enters a modified Krebs cycle, which drives oxidative phosphorylation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor (Buetow 1989). Under anaerobiosis, PNO is the key enzyme of a unique wax ester fermentation. Acetyl-CoA from PNO is used both as primer and as C2-donor for fatty acid ...
... acetyl-CoA from PNO enters a modified Krebs cycle, which drives oxidative phosphorylation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor (Buetow 1989). Under anaerobiosis, PNO is the key enzyme of a unique wax ester fermentation. Acetyl-CoA from PNO is used both as primer and as C2-donor for fatty acid ...
Spectral and catalytic properties of aryl-alcohol oxidase, a
... 385 nm and 463 nm (with troughs at 414 nm and 317 nm; Figure 1) and an A280 /A463 ratio of 10. After heat treatment (70 ◦C for 10 min), the AAO protein was precipitated, and the cofactor absorption spectrum lost the 463 nm maximum, which was replaced by the 450 nm maximum of free flavin, indicating ...
... 385 nm and 463 nm (with troughs at 414 nm and 317 nm; Figure 1) and an A280 /A463 ratio of 10. After heat treatment (70 ◦C for 10 min), the AAO protein was precipitated, and the cofactor absorption spectrum lost the 463 nm maximum, which was replaced by the 450 nm maximum of free flavin, indicating ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... A) It contains two phosphate groups. B) Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups. C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. D) It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine. E) It can be coupled with an exergonic reaction. Answer: D Topic: 5.13 Skill: Factual Reca ...
... A) It contains two phosphate groups. B) Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups. C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. D) It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine. E) It can be coupled with an exergonic reaction. Answer: D Topic: 5.13 Skill: Factual Reca ...
Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant
... inhibition constants, including some of our own measurements, must be regarded as approximations only. The description of the initial inhibition as ‘‘weak’’ needs to be qualified; for the A. thaliana enzyme, where the initial inhibition has been measured accurately [6] using a continuous assay [58], ...
... inhibition constants, including some of our own measurements, must be regarded as approximations only. The description of the initial inhibition as ‘‘weak’’ needs to be qualified; for the A. thaliana enzyme, where the initial inhibition has been measured accurately [6] using a continuous assay [58], ...
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA
... Acetyl-CoA is an important precursor of fatty acids as well as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and therefore measuring and altering ACCase activity is important for engineering carbon metabolism in oil palm. We developed a discontinuous, nonradioactive assay for measuring acetyl-CoA carboxylase activi ...
... Acetyl-CoA is an important precursor of fatty acids as well as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and therefore measuring and altering ACCase activity is important for engineering carbon metabolism in oil palm. We developed a discontinuous, nonradioactive assay for measuring acetyl-CoA carboxylase activi ...
attached paper highlights
... fusion, and translocation.3 The ability to undergo fission/ fusion enables mitochondria to divide and helps ensure proper organization of the mitochondrial network during biogenesis. The processes of fission/fusion are controlled by GTPases, most of which were identified in genetic screens in yeast (fo ...
... fusion, and translocation.3 The ability to undergo fission/ fusion enables mitochondria to divide and helps ensure proper organization of the mitochondrial network during biogenesis. The processes of fission/fusion are controlled by GTPases, most of which were identified in genetic screens in yeast (fo ...
Quantitative Analysis of the Kinetics of End
... hydrolysis can proceed with no evident dissociation of RecA monomers (Neuendorf & Cox, 1986; Shan et al., 1997; Shan & Cox, 1996). A simple model arises. ATP hydrolysis occurs everywhere, resulting in dissociation only for monomers at the disassembling end, and occurring with a probability that is s ...
... hydrolysis can proceed with no evident dissociation of RecA monomers (Neuendorf & Cox, 1986; Shan et al., 1997; Shan & Cox, 1996). A simple model arises. ATP hydrolysis occurs everywhere, resulting in dissociation only for monomers at the disassembling end, and occurring with a probability that is s ...
Li_uta_2502D_12817
... Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is an non-heme mononuclear iron enzymes that catalyzes the O2-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). CDO controls cysteine levels in cells and is a potential drug target for some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzhermer’s. Severa ...
... Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is an non-heme mononuclear iron enzymes that catalyzes the O2-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). CDO controls cysteine levels in cells and is a potential drug target for some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzhermer’s. Severa ...
13-Alanine as an Ethylene Precursor
... phosphate, ethylene production is maximum at a 0.5 mNi concentration of 8-alanine. The system exhibits a pH optimum at 7.0 but when the pH is raised above 8, evolution of the volatile again increases and continues to do so up to pH 12. The enzyme system is stimulated by either NADPH or NADH; the con ...
... phosphate, ethylene production is maximum at a 0.5 mNi concentration of 8-alanine. The system exhibits a pH optimum at 7.0 but when the pH is raised above 8, evolution of the volatile again increases and continues to do so up to pH 12. The enzyme system is stimulated by either NADPH or NADH; the con ...
CHM 303 - Unaab.edu.ng
... glycerophospholipids In these compounds, a variety of polar groups are esterified to the phosphoric acid moiety of the molecule. The phosphate, together with such esterified entities, is referred to as a “head” group. Phosphatides with choline or ethanolamine are referred to as phosphatidylcholine ( ...
... glycerophospholipids In these compounds, a variety of polar groups are esterified to the phosphoric acid moiety of the molecule. The phosphate, together with such esterified entities, is referred to as a “head” group. Phosphatides with choline or ethanolamine are referred to as phosphatidylcholine ( ...
Metabolism of heme
... Heme is the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, & cytochromes and so on. - most common porphyrin in humans is heme - one ferrous goup in tetrapyrole ring - heme proteins (hemoproteins) are rapidly synthsized and degraded - 6 to 7 g per day hemoglobin turned over ...
... Heme is the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, & cytochromes and so on. - most common porphyrin in humans is heme - one ferrous goup in tetrapyrole ring - heme proteins (hemoproteins) are rapidly synthsized and degraded - 6 to 7 g per day hemoglobin turned over ...
Synthesis and Structure of Biomimetic Porphyrins
... List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... ...
... List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... ...
A Theoretical Analysis of NADPH Production and
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
... plant and fungal mitochondria (Palmer & Msller, 1982). The quantitative importance of this process in vivo is unknown. N A DPH-producing processes in yeasts The localization of NADPH-producing processes in the yeast cell is an important parameter since, as mentioned above, most NADPH-consuming proce ...
FREE Sample Here
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology - College Test bank
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
Presentation 2013-201307040352
... glucose and fatty acid fuel. By permitting mitochondrial efflux of excess acetyl moieties, CrAT allows PDH activity to increase despite high rates of β-oxidation. This eases the Randle effect and facilitates a rapid transition from fatty acid to glucose oxidation. CrAT deficiency and/or carnitine in ...
... glucose and fatty acid fuel. By permitting mitochondrial efflux of excess acetyl moieties, CrAT allows PDH activity to increase despite high rates of β-oxidation. This eases the Randle effect and facilitates a rapid transition from fatty acid to glucose oxidation. CrAT deficiency and/or carnitine in ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology
... 18. ____________________ refers collectively to the large set of intracellular chemical reactions that involve the degradation, synthesis, and transformation of small organic molecules. ANS: intermediary metabolism PTS: 1 19. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide produces the substances ___________ ...
... 18. ____________________ refers collectively to the large set of intracellular chemical reactions that involve the degradation, synthesis, and transformation of small organic molecules. ANS: intermediary metabolism PTS: 1 19. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide produces the substances ___________ ...
Membrane transporters in a human genome-scale
... biochemical transformations occurring in cells in a stoichiometrically accurate manner. These reactions are distributed over seven intracellular compartments (i.e., cytoplasm, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, peroxisome, and nucleus). In addition, Recon 1 includes a r ...
... biochemical transformations occurring in cells in a stoichiometrically accurate manner. These reactions are distributed over seven intracellular compartments (i.e., cytoplasm, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, peroxisome, and nucleus). In addition, Recon 1 includes a r ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.