Arabidopsis Contains Nine Long-Chain Acyl
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
Sequence-based predictions of membrane-protein topology, homology and insertion
... charge of the lipid headgroup, being neutral, zwitterionic or negatively charged. The lipids predominantly found in biological membranes are phospholipids and glycolipids, with the overall shape as in Fig. 2.1, and cholesterol, a neutral lipid containing a ring structure that breaks the tight packin ...
... charge of the lipid headgroup, being neutral, zwitterionic or negatively charged. The lipids predominantly found in biological membranes are phospholipids and glycolipids, with the overall shape as in Fig. 2.1, and cholesterol, a neutral lipid containing a ring structure that breaks the tight packin ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Increase Intracellular
... capacity in vascular SMC. The observation that compounds that are structurally similar to EETs but lack epoxide groups produced only minimal increases in [Ca21]i suggests an obligatory role for the epoxide group in stimulating Ca21 influx. Interestingly, the magnitude of the EET-induced increases in ...
... capacity in vascular SMC. The observation that compounds that are structurally similar to EETs but lack epoxide groups produced only minimal increases in [Ca21]i suggests an obligatory role for the epoxide group in stimulating Ca21 influx. Interestingly, the magnitude of the EET-induced increases in ...
Further characterization of the lipoic acid enantiomers
... • Bis-methylation (in vitro models seem to have lower thiol methyl transferase activity than in vivo). • S-oxidation although B-lipoic is oxidized in vitro, no evidence in plasma, thiosulfinates and thiosulfonates formed subsequent to reduction. ...
... • Bis-methylation (in vitro models seem to have lower thiol methyl transferase activity than in vivo). • S-oxidation although B-lipoic is oxidized in vitro, no evidence in plasma, thiosulfinates and thiosulfonates formed subsequent to reduction. ...
Metabolism of Members of the Spiroplasmataceae
... Cell-free extracts from 10 strains of Spiroplasma species were examined for 67 enzyme activities of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate shunt, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and purine and pyrimidine pathways. The spiroplasmas were fermentative, possessing enzyme activities that convert ...
... Cell-free extracts from 10 strains of Spiroplasma species were examined for 67 enzyme activities of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate shunt, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and purine and pyrimidine pathways. The spiroplasmas were fermentative, possessing enzyme activities that convert ...
Deciphering the Enigma of Lignification: Precursor Transport
... on monolignol enzymes in the lignifying mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans and the differentiating xylem cells of Eucalyptus and Populus revealed that the isoforms of PAL, CAD, OMT, and 4CL could associate with ER-Golgi-derived vesicles, and then dispersed into the cytosol (Takabe et al., 2001; Takeu ...
... on monolignol enzymes in the lignifying mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans and the differentiating xylem cells of Eucalyptus and Populus revealed that the isoforms of PAL, CAD, OMT, and 4CL could associate with ER-Golgi-derived vesicles, and then dispersed into the cytosol (Takabe et al., 2001; Takeu ...
a review on biochemical mechanism of fatty acids synthesis and oil
... component proteins of this enzyme can be isolated so as to retain active enzyme properties (Murphy, 1993). For the production of fatty acids three different condensing enzymes [also known as β or 3-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthases (KAS)] are required. The first condensing enzyme is KAS III, which produces fou ...
... component proteins of this enzyme can be isolated so as to retain active enzyme properties (Murphy, 1993). For the production of fatty acids three different condensing enzymes [also known as β or 3-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthases (KAS)] are required. The first condensing enzyme is KAS III, which produces fou ...
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
... A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to increased TAG storage by reducing the rate of TAG hydrolysis rather than by promoting TAG synthesis (35). This model underwent dramatic revision when two groups independently reported the metabolic phenotype of perilipin knockout mice (36, 37). The previously hypot ...
... A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to increased TAG storage by reducing the rate of TAG hydrolysis rather than by promoting TAG synthesis (35). This model underwent dramatic revision when two groups independently reported the metabolic phenotype of perilipin knockout mice (36, 37). The previously hypot ...
Chapter 4 - Open Science Online
... disease, alpha synuclein and Parkinson’s disease and tumour suppressor protein and cancer. The relation between islet associated amyloid polypeptide and diabetes mellitus is well known. Thus the conversion of fructose to GAG results in conformational disease and amyloid accumulation. The accumulatio ...
... disease, alpha synuclein and Parkinson’s disease and tumour suppressor protein and cancer. The relation between islet associated amyloid polypeptide and diabetes mellitus is well known. Thus the conversion of fructose to GAG results in conformational disease and amyloid accumulation. The accumulatio ...
Amino acid transport in Penicillium chrysogenum in relation to
... Microbodies (also termed peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes depending on the organism and function) are indispensable organelles that can be found in practically all eukaryotic cells. Although their morphology is relatively simple (a proteinaceous matrix surrounded by a single membrane) their phys ...
... Microbodies (also termed peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes depending on the organism and function) are indispensable organelles that can be found in practically all eukaryotic cells. Although their morphology is relatively simple (a proteinaceous matrix surrounded by a single membrane) their phys ...
lecture7
... The enzyme that catalyzes this step, enoyl ACP reductase, is inhibited by triclosan, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Triclosan is used in a variety of products such as toothpaste, soaps, and skin creams. These last three reactions a reduction, a dehydration, and a second reduction convert ace ...
... The enzyme that catalyzes this step, enoyl ACP reductase, is inhibited by triclosan, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Triclosan is used in a variety of products such as toothpaste, soaps, and skin creams. These last three reactions a reduction, a dehydration, and a second reduction convert ace ...
UNIT 11. CATABOLISM OF GLUCOSE • Aerobic glycolysis: scheme
... 1. Note: Glycolysis is an oxidative specific pathway by which one mole of glucose is enzymatically split into two moles of pyruvate. It occurs in cytosol of all cells of the body. The principle function of glycolysis is the generation of ATP. Glycolysis also provides precursors for fatty acids biosy ...
... 1. Note: Glycolysis is an oxidative specific pathway by which one mole of glucose is enzymatically split into two moles of pyruvate. It occurs in cytosol of all cells of the body. The principle function of glycolysis is the generation of ATP. Glycolysis also provides precursors for fatty acids biosy ...
No Slide Title
... Figure 1 Following chronic alcohol ingestion, endotoxin is released from certain intestinal bacteria. Endotoxin moves from the gut into the bloodstream and the liver where it activates Kupffer cells- a type of immune cell (resident liver macrophages) - by interacting with CD14 causing nuclear facto ...
... Figure 1 Following chronic alcohol ingestion, endotoxin is released from certain intestinal bacteria. Endotoxin moves from the gut into the bloodstream and the liver where it activates Kupffer cells- a type of immune cell (resident liver macrophages) - by interacting with CD14 causing nuclear facto ...
October 12 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... allosteric inhibitor binds to allosteric site causes enzyme to change shape conformational change active site is no longer functional binding site keeps enzyme inactive ...
... allosteric inhibitor binds to allosteric site causes enzyme to change shape conformational change active site is no longer functional binding site keeps enzyme inactive ...
Novel Riboswitch Ligand Analogs as Selective Inhibitors of Guanine
... has become a major problem. This situation is partly because today’s antibiotics are mainly based on a limited selection of chemical scaffolds, which makes it easier for bacterial pathogens to quickly develop resistance against new drug derivatives. This recurrent problem of multiple drug resistance ...
... has become a major problem. This situation is partly because today’s antibiotics are mainly based on a limited selection of chemical scaffolds, which makes it easier for bacterial pathogens to quickly develop resistance against new drug derivatives. This recurrent problem of multiple drug resistance ...
Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase, lipids and its fatty acid composition of
... According to literature data, in the young growing culture the role of functionality significant lipids, especially, lipids with considerable quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is very high. The increasing of lipids in ageing culture takes place, obviously with increasing of part of the compon ...
... According to literature data, in the young growing culture the role of functionality significant lipids, especially, lipids with considerable quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is very high. The increasing of lipids in ageing culture takes place, obviously with increasing of part of the compon ...
Fat to the fire: the regulation of lipid oxidation
... depot to working muscle. Fig. 1 is a generalized depiction of the pathway for lipids from storage sites to muscle mitochondria. To be oxidized, lipid stores must first be mobilized (M) from triacylglycerides (TAG) into free fatty acids (FFA). Due to their low solubility in aqueous medium, FFA are bo ...
... depot to working muscle. Fig. 1 is a generalized depiction of the pathway for lipids from storage sites to muscle mitochondria. To be oxidized, lipid stores must first be mobilized (M) from triacylglycerides (TAG) into free fatty acids (FFA). Due to their low solubility in aqueous medium, FFA are bo ...
artículo - Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia
... increased in heart and other tissues of the AC5KO mice, together with increases in the protein levels of MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) in heart, kidney and brain, suggesting that a d ...
... increased in heart and other tissues of the AC5KO mice, together with increases in the protein levels of MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) in heart, kidney and brain, suggesting that a d ...
AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the
... In the heart, AMPK is as an important metabolic sensor, which is activated under conditions of metabolic stress such as hypoxia, or under conditions where ATP is depleted. AMPK is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, ...
... In the heart, AMPK is as an important metabolic sensor, which is activated under conditions of metabolic stress such as hypoxia, or under conditions where ATP is depleted. AMPK is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, ...
Note Set 11 1 GLYCOLYSIS (also known as: EMBDEN
... •secreted from adrenal medulla •binds to receptors in muscle cell membrane •stimulates adenylylate cyclase -catalyzes synthesis of cyclic AMP from ATP •cAMP stimulates the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) •cAPK catalyzes phosphorylation (activation) of phosphorylase kinase •phosphorylase k ...
... •secreted from adrenal medulla •binds to receptors in muscle cell membrane •stimulates adenylylate cyclase -catalyzes synthesis of cyclic AMP from ATP •cAMP stimulates the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) •cAPK catalyzes phosphorylation (activation) of phosphorylase kinase •phosphorylase k ...
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
... than or equal to 7 years, respectively (18). This relationship between DHEA-S and TCE suggests that TCE may disrupt peripheral endocrine function, perhaps through its peroxisome proliferative effects in liver and other tissues. In addition, it is conceivable that TCE may compete with DHEA-S for bind ...
... than or equal to 7 years, respectively (18). This relationship between DHEA-S and TCE suggests that TCE may disrupt peripheral endocrine function, perhaps through its peroxisome proliferative effects in liver and other tissues. In addition, it is conceivable that TCE may compete with DHEA-S for bind ...
J B , Mar. 2004, p. 1531–1536 Vol. 186, No. 5
... of geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGDP; C20PP), a reaction catalyzed by the carotenoid synthase CrtB (Fig. 1). The vast majority of the ⬎700 known carotenoids (9) arise as a result of different types and levels of modification of the C40 backbone, catalyzed by promiscuous (downstream) carotenoid biosynt ...
... of geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGDP; C20PP), a reaction catalyzed by the carotenoid synthase CrtB (Fig. 1). The vast majority of the ⬎700 known carotenoids (9) arise as a result of different types and levels of modification of the C40 backbone, catalyzed by promiscuous (downstream) carotenoid biosynt ...
PDF - Molecular Pharmacology
... PMBN. PMBN was prepared by proteolysis of PMB (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) with papain (Sigma) as described elsewhere (Danner et al., 1989). The crude product was purified (⬎98%) by HPLC, then analyzed and characterized as described above. Dansyl-PMBN. Dansyl-PMBN was synthesized as described elsewhere (T ...
... PMBN. PMBN was prepared by proteolysis of PMB (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) with papain (Sigma) as described elsewhere (Danner et al., 1989). The crude product was purified (⬎98%) by HPLC, then analyzed and characterized as described above. Dansyl-PMBN. Dansyl-PMBN was synthesized as described elsewhere (T ...
The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the coordination of
... additional inputs on Thr229 for full activation by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) (95). S6K1-mediated regulation of translation is thought to occur in part through phosphorylation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) at Ser235/236 (30). Several studies highlighted that AMPK activat ...
... additional inputs on Thr229 for full activation by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) (95). S6K1-mediated regulation of translation is thought to occur in part through phosphorylation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) at Ser235/236 (30). Several studies highlighted that AMPK activat ...
Effects of monosulfuron-ester on metabolic processes of nitrogen
... nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in China agricultural fields.8 In general, cyanobacteria are very sensitive to herbicides because they possess many characteristics of higher plants.9 Previous study showed that cyanobacteria had different degrees of sensitivity to herbicides.10 However, the effect of m ...
... nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in China agricultural fields.8 In general, cyanobacteria are very sensitive to herbicides because they possess many characteristics of higher plants.9 Previous study showed that cyanobacteria had different degrees of sensitivity to herbicides.10 However, the effect of m ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.