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Suppl. Table S3
Suppl. Table S3

... Transfer of a geranylgeranyl moeiety to Rab proteins ...
Incomplete citric acid cycle obliges aminolevulinic
Incomplete citric acid cycle obliges aminolevulinic

... glycerol has been shown to stabilize the activity in crude extracts of other organisms (Bessam et al., 1989). However, no activity could be detected even if extracts were prepared in MET-8.0 + 10 YO (v/v) glycerol. This suggests that succinyl-CoA cannot be synthesized directly from acetyl-CoA and ox ...
The nature of mycelial lipolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi
The nature of mycelial lipolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi

... organism. Since apparent phospholipase At activities of fungal preparations have been attributed to lipases [4,5] it was of interest to compare the relative lipase and phospholipase activities of the mycelial samples. Table 2 shows the variation in lipase and phospholipase activities of each organis ...
Understanding fatty acid synthesis in developing - Shachar
Understanding fatty acid synthesis in developing - Shachar

... acid synthesis in non-photosynthetic tissues can be produced inside the plastid during the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from glucose 6-P and PEP (Boyle et al., 1990; Kleppinger-Sparace et al., 1992; Qi et al., 1994). However the uptake of ATP from the cytosol has been shown to have a critical role in fat ...
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation

... diet-induced weight gain relative to wild-type mice. The resistance to diet-induced obesity is due to increased energy expenditure (4). SCD1⫺兾⫺ mice also have increased fasting levels of plasma ketone bodies but reduced levels of plasma insulin and leptin. Moreover, mice with mutations in the SCD1 g ...
Integrating the universal metabolism into a phylogenetic analysis
Integrating the universal metabolism into a phylogenetic analysis

... pathways for phylogenetic analysis. As in Cunchillos and Lecointre (2000), taxa are defined from the tip of the pathway to its point of contact into the Krebs cycle. To name pathways, prefixes ‘‘d’’ and ‘‘s’’ are used to refer to degradation and synthesis, respectively. For example, dGLN is the set ...
Modelling glycolysis with Cellware
Modelling glycolysis with Cellware

... pathway i.e. to remember which enzymes are subjected to allosteric regulation and to understand how this is achieved. The activity of glycolysis (or more precisely; its enzymes) is adjusted to meet the energy needs of the cell, but also the need of “building blocks” e.g. for amino acid syntesis. In ...
Read more about this
Read more about this

... absorption of ammonia from the colon. This shows again the strong relationship between the liver and the gut. When probiotics reach the intestines, they are welcomed by the friendly bacteria as a good food source. Through fermentation, the bacteria turn probiotics into lactic and acetic acids. This ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis

... AP 1Biology 6C sugar  2 3C sugars ...
Regulation of metabolism by dietary carbohydrates in two lines of
Regulation of metabolism by dietary carbohydrates in two lines of

... acids, relatively low number of insulin receptors, lack of inhibition of endogenous glucose production and poor hepatic lipogenesis from glucose were proved to be true (Mommsen and Plisetskaya, 1991; Hemre and Kahrs, 1997; Navarro et al., 1999; Panserat et al., 2000b; Enes et al., 2009); reduced per ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis

... AP 1Biology 6C sugar  2 3C sugars ...
Urea Cycle - MBBS Students Club
Urea Cycle - MBBS Students Club

... • The ammonia produced by enteric bacteria and absorbedinto portal venous blood and the ammonia produced by tissues are rapidly removed from circulation by the liver and converted to urea. • Only traces (10–20μg/dL) thus normally are present in peripheral blood. • This is essential, since ammonia is ...
MB ChB PHASE I
MB ChB PHASE I

... Amino-acids providing pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediate C atoms are therefore called ‘glucogenic’. Those providing acetyl CoA or acetoacetate C atoms are called ‘ketogenic’. Some amino-acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic (their different C atoms flow to different ...
Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes
Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes

... The evidence for this mechanism was primarily derived from a study of acetyl-CoA synthetase. Although the postulated intermediate, acetyl-AMP, does not accumulate in solution, and therefore only exists bound to the enzyme, the indirect evidence for this intermediate is very compelling. Other fatty a ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation accompanying Oxidation of
Oxidative Phosphorylation accompanying Oxidation of

... that serum albumin, or its bound fatty acids, acted as a substrate in the absence of butyrate but was not a good precursor of ketone bodies. As the rate of oxidation of butyrate was inconveniently low in the absence of serum albumin, this protein was Fig. 3. Effect of hexokinase on the effective ade ...
SBT-production - Webarchiv ETHZ / Webarchive ETH
SBT-production - Webarchiv ETHZ / Webarchive ETH

... •Glucose plus amino acids: reduction of used enzymes •Glycerol plus amino acids: deletion of two genes but flux through an undesired enzyme as well ...
Plant Chloroplasts and Other Plastids
Plant Chloroplasts and Other Plastids

... of TPT sequences from various plants showed that all TPTs are nuclear-encoded and possess N-terminal transit peptides that direct the adjacent protein to the chloroplasts. The TPT is present almost exclusively in photosynthetically active tissues. studies of transgenic plants with a reduced activity ...
BioCore II lecture20-S2015
BioCore II lecture20-S2015

... two blue carbons are converted to CO2 α-Ketoglutarate ...
LABORATORY MANUAL ON BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LABORATORY MANUAL ON BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

... labs is long – begin with eating, drinking, cooking, applying makeup, smoking and anything else that might increase the chance of ingesting lab chemicals. Careful workers do not touch hands to their faces while working in lab. Professional and serious behavior is expected at all times; rowdy or bois ...
Glycerol Kinase Activities in Muscles from Vertebrates and
Glycerol Kinase Activities in Muscles from Vertebrates and

... 1. Glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) activity was measured in crude extracts of skeletal muscles by a radiochemical method. The properties of the enzyme from a number of different muscles are very similar to those of the enzyme from rat liver. Glycerol kinase from locust flight muscle was inhibited comp ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint

... intestinal barrier dysfunction, endotoxin translocation and the hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-Bmediated response to endotoxin17,18, and by promoting intestinal fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 secretion19. Semi-synthetic bile acids also activate the G protein coupled receptor TGR5, which is ubiquit ...
IBB 40(5) 354-357
IBB 40(5) 354-357

... showed increased level in TCW treated CCl4intoxicated group (Table 2). SOD, catalase, GPx and GR activities were significantly decreased in CCl4-treated rats compared to normal controls. However, activities of these enzymes were a near normal in CCl4 treated rats fed TCW (Fig. B). Rats treated with ...
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose

... glucose not derived directly from the diet comes from the liver. The liver contains significant amounts of stored glycogen available for rapid release into circulation, and is capable of synthesizing large quantities of glucose from substrates such as lactate, amino acids, and glycerol released by o ...
Unit: Enzymes II
Unit: Enzymes II

... increase in product, or a change in cofactor). Because the reaction time is usually short, there is little danger of enzyme inactivation. Furthermore, continuous monitoring permits multiple readings for the determination of the rate. A major advantage of this approach to enzyme measurement is that t ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

... glucose uptake with a stoichiometric coproduction of pyruvate and the symport system does not. Because pyruvate can either be channeled to the TCA cycle for energy production (under aerobic conditions) or further metabolized to acetate, succinate, lactate, ethanol, or other catabolic end products, i ...
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Glyceroneogenesis



Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.
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