Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
2011 - Anthony Herrel
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
Genetic Mechanisms for Adapting to a Changing Environment
... biogeographicstudies and, as a result, the analysis of genetic variation within and betweenspecies has continued to be a major research focus of evolutionary biologists for more than a century. Population biologists focused their efforts on morphologicalcharacters until the 1960s, whenthe applicatio ...
... biogeographicstudies and, as a result, the analysis of genetic variation within and betweenspecies has continued to be a major research focus of evolutionary biologists for more than a century. Population biologists focused their efforts on morphologicalcharacters until the 1960s, whenthe applicatio ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other studies assessing the ability of sexual and asexual populations to traverse fitness valleys intrinsically depend on stochastic effects that move contra to selective gradients (famously, Wri ...
... together in hybrid zones, but in this article our models work with a single population (see Discussion). Other studies assessing the ability of sexual and asexual populations to traverse fitness valleys intrinsically depend on stochastic effects that move contra to selective gradients (famously, Wri ...
2 How to measure genetic variation
... species, are as natural events in evolution as birth and death of individuals in demography. Seen over the entire history of organic life on Earth, biodiversity has generally increased. There has been a build up of life forms. However, five times in the evolutionary past of the planet have mass exti ...
... species, are as natural events in evolution as birth and death of individuals in demography. Seen over the entire history of organic life on Earth, biodiversity has generally increased. There has been a build up of life forms. However, five times in the evolutionary past of the planet have mass exti ...
UN1001 Discussion Questions
... he mean by this? Do you agree with him? Why or why not? 2. According to Futuyma, what are the relationships among the concepts of truth, fact, hypothesis, and evidence? Can there be unknown facts, according to Futuyma? Do you agree with Futuyma’s discussion of these concepts? Why or why not? 3. What ...
... he mean by this? Do you agree with him? Why or why not? 2. According to Futuyma, what are the relationships among the concepts of truth, fact, hypothesis, and evidence? Can there be unknown facts, according to Futuyma? Do you agree with Futuyma’s discussion of these concepts? Why or why not? 3. What ...
Geographic Mode of Speciation and Genomic Divergence
... by University of Sheffield on 11/26/13. For personal use only. ...
... by University of Sheffield on 11/26/13. For personal use only. ...
Chapter 1
... – The researchers set up an experiment to determine the amounts of fat in the adipose tissue of 79 patients who had a heart attack. – They compared these patients to the data for 167 patients who had not had a heart attack. – This is an example of a controlled experiment, in which the control and ex ...
... – The researchers set up an experiment to determine the amounts of fat in the adipose tissue of 79 patients who had a heart attack. – They compared these patients to the data for 167 patients who had not had a heart attack. – This is an example of a controlled experiment, in which the control and ex ...
Human Origins
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought
... Malthus mentioned that he got his inspiration from a more general discussion by, of all people, Benjamin Franklin – and then argued that success in the struggle will (on average) be a function of the different variations of the competitors and that this will lead to ongoing change – change moreover ...
... Malthus mentioned that he got his inspiration from a more general discussion by, of all people, Benjamin Franklin – and then argued that success in the struggle will (on average) be a function of the different variations of the competitors and that this will lead to ongoing change – change moreover ...
Abstract The platypus is one of Earth`s most perplexing
... lactate like all other mammals, and they share the same milk proteins (Warren et al. 2008). These are just some of the many traits shared among all mammals, and they show that the platypus has evolved on the mammalian lineage, despite their retention of reptilian characteristics. The common ancestor ...
... lactate like all other mammals, and they share the same milk proteins (Warren et al. 2008). These are just some of the many traits shared among all mammals, and they show that the platypus has evolved on the mammalian lineage, despite their retention of reptilian characteristics. The common ancestor ...
Darwin`s Metaphors Revisited: Conceptual Metaphors, Conceptual
... species exhibit clear variations in their morphological organization, physiological functioning, and behavioral patterns, some of which are advantageous while others are disadvantageous, not all the individuals survive the condition of struggle for life. Only the fittest survive the struggle for exi ...
... species exhibit clear variations in their morphological organization, physiological functioning, and behavioral patterns, some of which are advantageous while others are disadvantageous, not all the individuals survive the condition of struggle for life. Only the fittest survive the struggle for exi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... consequences of hybridization in phylogenetic reconstruction, the interactions of hybrids with pathogens and herbivores, the potential extinction of rare species through hybridization, and the role of hybridization in mediating the escape of genetically engineered genes. The experimental, microevolu ...
... consequences of hybridization in phylogenetic reconstruction, the interactions of hybrids with pathogens and herbivores, the potential extinction of rare species through hybridization, and the role of hybridization in mediating the escape of genetically engineered genes. The experimental, microevolu ...
Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction
... department of “moral science.” The reason is not hard to see. The history of Western philosophy is the history of a discipline that has been “spinning off” sciences since about 300 BC when Euclid wrote the Elements and established the separate discipline of mathematics. It was only much later, in th ...
... department of “moral science.” The reason is not hard to see. The history of Western philosophy is the history of a discipline that has been “spinning off” sciences since about 300 BC when Euclid wrote the Elements and established the separate discipline of mathematics. It was only much later, in th ...
THE ROLE OF METAPHOR IN THE DARWIN DEBATES: NATURAL
... Figurative language in Scripture has proved problematic for some within Christianity over the centuries. Christians have long debated issues over which passages should be taken figuratively, what authority figurative language holds, and how metaphorical or allegorical passages are to be interpreted ...
... Figurative language in Scripture has proved problematic for some within Christianity over the centuries. Christians have long debated issues over which passages should be taken figuratively, what authority figurative language holds, and how metaphorical or allegorical passages are to be interpreted ...
WHAT GOOD IS GENOMIC IMPRINTING: THE FUNCTION OF
... The first use of ‘imprinting’ to describe EPIGENETIC parent-of-origin effects was in the context of the elimination of paternal chromosomes during spermatogenesis in sciarid flies1,2. In this example, imprinting referred to differences in the segregation of homologues without differences in gene exp ...
... The first use of ‘imprinting’ to describe EPIGENETIC parent-of-origin effects was in the context of the elimination of paternal chromosomes during spermatogenesis in sciarid flies1,2. In this example, imprinting referred to differences in the segregation of homologues without differences in gene exp ...
DARWINISM AND LAMARCKISM BEFORE AND AFTER WEISMANN
... degenerative, or less progressive, programs (p. 137). However, it should be noted that a degenerative program may again become progressive, so it is not irrational to remain committed to a degenerative research program (p. 155). This point is partially why it makes sense to evaluate Lamarckism as a ...
... degenerative, or less progressive, programs (p. 137). However, it should be noted that a degenerative program may again become progressive, so it is not irrational to remain committed to a degenerative research program (p. 155). This point is partially why it makes sense to evaluate Lamarckism as a ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... model to address these questions, as it is well suited for a multifaceted approach that includes classical and molecular genetic analysis, as well as experimental manipulation of embryos. Zebrafish mutations that disrupt the genes encoding essential components of several cell-cell communication path ...
... model to address these questions, as it is well suited for a multifaceted approach that includes classical and molecular genetic analysis, as well as experimental manipulation of embryos. Zebrafish mutations that disrupt the genes encoding essential components of several cell-cell communication path ...
On Sexual Reproduction as a New Critique of the Theory of Natural
... thus have a be�er chance of surviving, for, of the many individuals of any species which are periodically born, but a small number can survive. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection (…). [Darwin 1968: p. 115] When applied ...
... thus have a be�er chance of surviving, for, of the many individuals of any species which are periodically born, but a small number can survive. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection (…). [Darwin 1968: p. 115] When applied ...
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet
... means to empirically evaluate the relative contributions of within- and between-generation variation to long-term fitness and, ultimately, to evolutionary bet hedging. Confronting this theory with empirical data, however, is likely to highlight future theoretical challenges such as accounting for fluc ...
... means to empirically evaluate the relative contributions of within- and between-generation variation to long-term fitness and, ultimately, to evolutionary bet hedging. Confronting this theory with empirical data, however, is likely to highlight future theoretical challenges such as accounting for fluc ...
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local
... regulation is global for traits involved in adaptation to the two winter habitats. The last model (model 3) combines local density regulation (as in model 1) with variable habitat outputs (as in model 2): (1) mixing and dispersal between two different habitats, (2) local density regulation within ha ...
... regulation is global for traits involved in adaptation to the two winter habitats. The last model (model 3) combines local density regulation (as in model 1) with variable habitat outputs (as in model 2): (1) mixing and dispersal between two different habitats, (2) local density regulation within ha ...
Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller
... diverged sister species (Maheshwari and Barbash, 2011; Presgraves, 2010; Sweigart ...
... diverged sister species (Maheshwari and Barbash, 2011; Presgraves, 2010; Sweigart ...
An Individual-Based Modeling Approach to Investigate Sympatric
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
Stewart_Kathryn_A_201302_PhD - QSpace
... Scott Lamoureux, for their valuable input, effort, and serving as my committee members, as well as Kelly Zamudio for being generous enough to act as my external examiner. This thesis was the accumulation of long months in the field collecting data, a feat not accomplished in isolation. For this reas ...
... Scott Lamoureux, for their valuable input, effort, and serving as my committee members, as well as Kelly Zamudio for being generous enough to act as my external examiner. This thesis was the accumulation of long months in the field collecting data, a feat not accomplished in isolation. For this reas ...