The nature of developmental constraints and the difference
... mutation X makes mutation Y more likely, then the probability of Y occurring some number of generations in the future will be greater the more X is favored by natural selection. This mixing of natural selection and developmental constraint is certainly problematic for any who would wish to privilege ...
... mutation X makes mutation Y more likely, then the probability of Y occurring some number of generations in the future will be greater the more X is favored by natural selection. This mixing of natural selection and developmental constraint is certainly problematic for any who would wish to privilege ...
The Peppered moth: decline of a Darwinian disciple
... area. Were I giving my view of each of the procedures in each of these nine studies, including my own, I would certainly criticize each for artificiality in some respect. However, the cause of the artificiality varies between studies – using dead moths, moths at unnatural frequencies, moths at unnat ...
... area. Were I giving my view of each of the procedures in each of these nine studies, including my own, I would certainly criticize each for artificiality in some respect. However, the cause of the artificiality varies between studies – using dead moths, moths at unnatural frequencies, moths at unnat ...
Evolution Review
... c. Genetic variation is easier seen than phenotypic variation. d. Variation dies with individuals. e. Phenotype is seen physically in the genotype. ____ 41. New alleles arise by a. mutation. b. migration. c. genetic drift. d. random mating. e. independent assortment. ____ 42. Introduction of previou ...
... c. Genetic variation is easier seen than phenotypic variation. d. Variation dies with individuals. e. Phenotype is seen physically in the genotype. ____ 41. New alleles arise by a. mutation. b. migration. c. genetic drift. d. random mating. e. independent assortment. ____ 42. Introduction of previou ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversification for certain taxa, especially those subject to disruptive selection. Bush (1992) argued that non-allopatric speciation (i.e. without geographical isolation) may be common among small anima ...
... molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversification for certain taxa, especially those subject to disruptive selection. Bush (1992) argued that non-allopatric speciation (i.e. without geographical isolation) may be common among small anima ...
Local differentiation in the defensive morphology of an
... Kane (2005) provided a rare example outside of plants, in which North American populations of ...
... Kane (2005) provided a rare example outside of plants, in which North American populations of ...
Contents
... regular food supply and a lack of predation undoubtedly increases frequencies and, possibly, intensities of interactions, but certainly could not produce behaviors which were not part of the species inventory of action patterns. This is the case for all captive animals, including monkeys and apes (D ...
... regular food supply and a lack of predation undoubtedly increases frequencies and, possibly, intensities of interactions, but certainly could not produce behaviors which were not part of the species inventory of action patterns. This is the case for all captive animals, including monkeys and apes (D ...
The Evolution of Aging 3
... characteristic, an adaptation of organism design, which had an evolutionary purpose. Darwin had previously suggested that aging was an evolved characteristic despite conflicts with Darwinian evolutionary mechanics. Many current theorists have discarded adaptive theories of aging using one or more of ...
... characteristic, an adaptation of organism design, which had an evolutionary purpose. Darwin had previously suggested that aging was an evolved characteristic despite conflicts with Darwinian evolutionary mechanics. Many current theorists have discarded adaptive theories of aging using one or more of ...
Group adaptation, formal darwinism and contextual analysis
... Gardner and Grafen’s analysis of group adaptation draws on Grafen’s ‘Formal Darwinism’ project, which aims to connect optimization and natural selection in a precise way, thus formally justifying the intuitive idea that selection leads to organismic design (Grafen 2002, 2006, 2008). Grafen’s approac ...
... Gardner and Grafen’s analysis of group adaptation draws on Grafen’s ‘Formal Darwinism’ project, which aims to connect optimization and natural selection in a precise way, thus formally justifying the intuitive idea that selection leads to organismic design (Grafen 2002, 2006, 2008). Grafen’s approac ...
Instinct in the `50s: The British Reception of Konrad - Philsci
... plan from a large number of smaller instincts as a result of the stimuli (and self-stimuli) which impact the bird in its natural environmental setting. “McDougall speaks of ‘one instinct’ when a system of innate reactions appears synthesized into a whole by a common function. From a purely functiona ...
... plan from a large number of smaller instincts as a result of the stimuli (and self-stimuli) which impact the bird in its natural environmental setting. “McDougall speaks of ‘one instinct’ when a system of innate reactions appears synthesized into a whole by a common function. From a purely functiona ...
Meta-analysis of phenotypic selection on flowering phenology
... approaches cope with all of the above issues (Adams 2008; Lajeunesse 2009). This is a promising approach which will help ecologists and evolutionary biologists improve our understanding of patterns of phenotypic selection. In this study we assessed the patterns of phenotypic selection on flowering p ...
... approaches cope with all of the above issues (Adams 2008; Lajeunesse 2009). This is a promising approach which will help ecologists and evolutionary biologists improve our understanding of patterns of phenotypic selection. In this study we assessed the patterns of phenotypic selection on flowering p ...
Journal of Zoology
... related, through body mass, but we do not know whether they are coded by the same or different sets of genes. We emphasize that the correlation between mass-specific BMR and mass does not have to be confounded by autocorrelation because mass-specific BMR is commonly used as a single trait (related to ...
... related, through body mass, but we do not know whether they are coded by the same or different sets of genes. We emphasize that the correlation between mass-specific BMR and mass does not have to be confounded by autocorrelation because mass-specific BMR is commonly used as a single trait (related to ...
![arXiv:1004.1028v1 [q-bio.PE] 7 Apr 2010](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017319873_1-eed33fcefd6efcd08d19e93d0cb6871f-300x300.png)
arXiv:1004.1028v1 [q-bio.PE] 7 Apr 2010
... or NEEs [7, 37, 38]. We found that the NEE at the vnd locus, or NEEvnd , is conserved in Drosophila and mosquitos. As such it was present in the latest common ancestor of dipterans ∼240–270 million years ago (Mya) [39, 40], or at least >200 Mya [41]. We found that conserved “canonical” NEEs occur at ...
... or NEEs [7, 37, 38]. We found that the NEE at the vnd locus, or NEEvnd , is conserved in Drosophila and mosquitos. As such it was present in the latest common ancestor of dipterans ∼240–270 million years ago (Mya) [39, 40], or at least >200 Mya [41]. We found that conserved “canonical” NEEs occur at ...
One - Svet logike
... Darwin understood the phrase, it did not mean a naturalist who is interested in philosophy, but a naturalist who seeks a scientific explanation for the patterns observed in nature. A philosophical naturalist would not be content merely to describe and catalogue the species that populate the Earth, b ...
... Darwin understood the phrase, it did not mean a naturalist who is interested in philosophy, but a naturalist who seeks a scientific explanation for the patterns observed in nature. A philosophical naturalist would not be content merely to describe and catalogue the species that populate the Earth, b ...
Reconceptualising Evolution by Natural Selection
... ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conceptual tools. The result is a concept of natural selection stripped down from its biological specificities. I start by revisiting the entangled debates over whether natural selection is ...
... ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conceptual tools. The result is a concept of natural selection stripped down from its biological specificities. I start by revisiting the entangled debates over whether natural selection is ...
Some Current Topics in Plant Domestication
... In his two volumes on The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication, Charles Darwin (1868) never felt it necessary to define domestication. Currently, archaeologists and geneticists both need such a definition, but the diversity of plant species whose variation has been manipulated to vary ...
... In his two volumes on The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication, Charles Darwin (1868) never felt it necessary to define domestication. Currently, archaeologists and geneticists both need such a definition, but the diversity of plant species whose variation has been manipulated to vary ...
Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits
... Abstract. Speciation traits of paramere, paraproct and aedeagus were applied to find initial split criteria with fine structure analysis in order to prepare diverged trait matrices for delimiting phylogenetic incipient species of unsettled limnephilid taxa in the early stages of reproductive isolati ...
... Abstract. Speciation traits of paramere, paraproct and aedeagus were applied to find initial split criteria with fine structure analysis in order to prepare diverged trait matrices for delimiting phylogenetic incipient species of unsettled limnephilid taxa in the early stages of reproductive isolati ...
Introduction to Physical Anthropology - Study Guide
... Evolution: History of Development(All Authors, Theories and Publications). Natural Selection: Understand and describe relationship between physical variation within Species and their relationship to the Environment. Charles Darwin: Life, Travels, Observations. Galapagos Islands: Describe all example ...
... Evolution: History of Development(All Authors, Theories and Publications). Natural Selection: Understand and describe relationship between physical variation within Species and their relationship to the Environment. Charles Darwin: Life, Travels, Observations. Galapagos Islands: Describe all example ...
Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural
... Third, the magnitude of directional selection differs among fitness components. In particular, median estimates of |b| and |s| are significantly larger for selection via fecundity and mating success than for selection via survival. Again, this pattern appears to hold both within and across different ...
... Third, the magnitude of directional selection differs among fitness components. In particular, median estimates of |b| and |s| are significantly larger for selection via fecundity and mating success than for selection via survival. Again, this pattern appears to hold both within and across different ...
Parental effects in ecology and evolution
... Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK ...
... Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK ...
Complementation, Genetic Conflict, and the
... can be the result of an intragenomic conflict between alleles that induce the initiation of crossing over and alleles that evolve to resist that initiation. Thus recombination does not require any advantage at the individual or population level. Key words: amphimixis, apomixis, automixis, endomitosi ...
... can be the result of an intragenomic conflict between alleles that induce the initiation of crossing over and alleles that evolve to resist that initiation. Thus recombination does not require any advantage at the individual or population level. Key words: amphimixis, apomixis, automixis, endomitosi ...
Complementation, genetic conflict, and the evolution of sex
... can be the result of an intragenomic conflict between alleles that induce the initiation of crossing over and alleles that evolve to resist that initiation. Thus recombination does not require any advantage at the individual or population level. Key words: amphimixis, apomixis, automixis, endomitosi ...
... can be the result of an intragenomic conflict between alleles that induce the initiation of crossing over and alleles that evolve to resist that initiation. Thus recombination does not require any advantage at the individual or population level. Key words: amphimixis, apomixis, automixis, endomitosi ...
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The
... gradient, intraspecific competition should cause selection to favor individuals with extreme resource-use traits, because such individuals specialize on less common but underutilized resources on either end of the resource gradient (fig. 1). This process is driven by negative frequencydependent sele ...
... gradient, intraspecific competition should cause selection to favor individuals with extreme resource-use traits, because such individuals specialize on less common but underutilized resources on either end of the resource gradient (fig. 1). This process is driven by negative frequencydependent sele ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
Dioecy is associated with higher diversification rates - GEPV
... diversify from the ancestral node on. One should thus expect that the dioecious clades will on average be smaller than their nondioecious sisters, even when their diversification rates are the same. K€afer & Mousset (2014) developed a statistical test to take this selection bias into account and sho ...
... diversify from the ancestral node on. One should thus expect that the dioecious clades will on average be smaller than their nondioecious sisters, even when their diversification rates are the same. K€afer & Mousset (2014) developed a statistical test to take this selection bias into account and sho ...
Why the Gene Will Not Return* Elisabeth A. Lloyd
... At what levels of biological organization do interactions occur that make a difference to replicator success? There are a number of ways to study this question, including modeling, experimentation, and fieldwork,11 and various methods have been proposed over the years for identifying interactors.12 ...
... At what levels of biological organization do interactions occur that make a difference to replicator success? There are a number of ways to study this question, including modeling, experimentation, and fieldwork,11 and various methods have been proposed over the years for identifying interactors.12 ...