Download primary visual cortex - UBC Psychology`s Research Labs

Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour
Lecture 33
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Exam: December 7th, 2012
7:00-9:30, OSBO A
• The exam is worth 25% of your final grade.
• The exam will be scored out of 60 points.
• The exam will include 30 multiple choice questions (1
point each), 4 definitions (2 points each), and 5-6 short
answer questions (2-6 points each, totaling 22 points).
• The exam is not cumulative. The exam will include
questions related to chapters 7-10 and all
accompanying lecture material.
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• Please arrive on time to facilitate rapid distribution of
the exams.
• Bring a pencil, eraser, pen, and your student ID to the
exam.
• All electronic devices must be put away before the start
of the exam.
• Bags and backpacks should be left at the front of the
room. Please do not bring valuables to the exam.
• Hats (e.g., baseball caps) should not be worn during the
exam.
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Office Hours
I will hold the following office hours in December to assist
students with exam preparation:
Tuesday, December 4, 12:30-1:30
Thursday, December 6: 2:00-4:00
Friday, December 7: 2:00-4:30
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The Visual System
1. How is information about light relayed to the brain?
2. What are the major areas of the brain that are
associated with the perception of light?
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By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. review the pathway by which visual information is
transmitted from receptors to the brain.
2. identify the locations and functions of the primary
cortex, secondary cortex, and association areas for
the visual system.
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From last class ….
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Generation of an Action Potential in the Retina
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How is information about light relayed to the brain?
• Visual information is relayed to the brain via many
pathways. The largest and most studied visual
pathway is the retina-geniculate-striate pathway.
• Within this pathway is the optic chiasm: at this point,
axons from the nasal halves of the retinas “cross over”
and ascend to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
(LGN) of the thalamus. Thus, each hemisphere
receives information from the contralateral visual field.
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Retina-Geniculate-Striate Pathway
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Retina-Geniculate-Striate Pathway
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What are the major areas of the brain that are associated
with the perception of light?
• The thalamic neurons that receive visual information
subsequently project the information to the primary
visual cortex (V1).
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Primary Visual Cortex
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Primary Visual Cortex
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• The retina-geniculate-striate pathway is characterized by
retinotopic organization.
• The primary visual cortex is organized into functional
vertical columns (i.e., ocular dominance slabs,
orientation columns).
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Ocular Dominance Slabs and Orientation Columns
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• Information received by the primary visual cortex is
segregated into distinct pathways that project to areas of
the secondary visual cortex and, then, the association
visual cortex.
• Two main pathways from the primary visual cortex
have been identified: The ventral stream is associated
with identifying visual stimuli (“what”); the dorsal stream
is associated with determining location and perceiving
movement (“where”).
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The Dorsal and Ventral Streams
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VI: Location,
orientation, colour
V2: Form, relays
information
V3: Form
V4: Colour, form,
concentric/radial
stimuli
Inferior temporal
area: Form, pattern
recognition
V5 (Medial temporal
area): Motion
perception
Prefrontal cortex:
Facial recognition
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The Visual System
1. How is information about light relayed to the brain?
2. What are the major areas of the brain that are
associated with the perception of light?
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Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour, Term 1
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Definitions
Research Methods
Neuroanatomy
Neurophysiology
Neurotransmitters
Neuropharmacology
Hormones
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Neurodevelopment
Touch
Hearing
Vestibular perception
Taste
Smell
Vision
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