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Transcript
Social Psychology I. Social Psychology A. The Study of how people influence and are influenced by others A. B. C. D. E. II. The Self What we perceive ourselves to be Self Schemas – cognitive structures that allow people to differentiate themselves from others Social Comparison – we compare ourselves to others to form a view of ourselves Personality Identity – composed of an individual's thoughts and emotions (self-knowledge and evaluation) Social Identity – based on the impressions someone makes, what others think of that person within a group. III. Perceiving Others A. Schemas – structure our perception of events, make predictions about the future, decide on goals and plans 1. B. Ex: First impressions Attribution theory – explaining the behavior of others in terms of their personality traits or other external factors. 1. Ex: Blonde hair must = lack of intelligence IV. Attitudes A. Beliefs and feelings about people, objects or events that cause us to behave in certain ways. 1. Ex: “ That’s how those people are.” B. Social Schemas- the ideas we have formed about social groups. 1. Ex: when we meet someone new we put them into preexisting groups (slacker, go getter, surfer, etc.) V. A. B. C. Effects of Attitudes Stereotypes – distorted generalized beliefs Prejudice – unfounded, generally negative, attitude Discrimination – unfair treatment of individuals because of membership in a group D. Attraction – draw towards a person or group due to similarity, proximity or reciprocity. VI. Causes of Prejudice 1. Categorization 2. Exaggeration of Differences – assuming those who are different are more different than they really are 3. Justifying Economic or Role Status – explaining status by providing reasons why an economic or role status exists. (ex: poverty = unwillingness to work) 4. Observational Learning – imitating the behaviors observed in an environment (ex: children adopting parents beliefs). 5. Scapegoating –finding someone else to blame for a problem A. B. C. D. E. F. G. VII. Social Categories Gender Race Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Disabilities Economic Status Education Level