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Emotional Disorders Signs of mental health problems: • Sadness over specific event for no reason • Hopelessness • Violent or erratic mood swings • Inability to concentrate or make decisions • Fear and anger at the world • Trouble getting along with others • Severe sleep disturbances • compulsive selfdestructive behavior • Frequent physical ailments Emotional problems describe patterns of thinking and behavior that cause a person significant emotional pain or prevent normal functioning. Emotional problems affect any one or more of three important areas: 1. social or family relations 2. performance of tasks (including schoolwork) 3. leisure time activities • Emotional problems can run in families: learned, inherited, or both • Emotional problems can be caused by brain damage from drugs, injuries, and diseases. (syphilis) • Emotional problems can be caused by unbalance brain chemistry. • Environmental factors can aggravate emotional problems: pressure from society Two types of mental disorders: 1- ORGANIC DISORDER: When a disorder is caused by a physical illness or injury that affects the brain. ex: brain tumors, alcoholism, infections: syphilis, meningitis, stroke 2- FUNCTIONAL DISORDER: occurs as a result of psychological causes in which no brain damage is involved. Functional disorders result from conditions such as: »Stress »Emotional conflict »Fear »Poor coping skills MAIN CATEGORIES OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS! 1. 2. 3. 4. Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Affective Disorders Personality Disorders ANXIETY DISORDERS Category #1 Disorders in which real or imagined fears prevent a person from enjoying life Phobias Obsessive-compulsive General Anxiety Post-traumatic Stress PHOBIAS • When a person goes to extreme measures to avoid a fear and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning ( lady with bugs, snake, bird, roach) Phobias that start with the letter “A”!!!!!! • Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing. Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching. Acerophobia- Fear of sourness. Achluophobia- Fear of darkness. Acousticophobia- Fear of noise. Acrophobia- Fear of heights. Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances. Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places. Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness. Agateophobia- Fear of insanity. Agliophobia- Fear of pain. Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place. Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse. Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals. Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street. Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects. • Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination) Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness. Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection. Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins. Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting. Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions. Atychiphobia- Fear of failure. Aulophobia- Fear of flutes. Aurophobia- Fear of gold. Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights. Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor. Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronics creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being. Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty. Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself. Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying. • Ailurophobia- Fear of cats. Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease. Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens. Algophobia- Fear of pain. Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic. Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions. Altophobia- Fear of heights. Amathophobia- Fear of dust. Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia. Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) Androphobia- Fear of men. Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. Anthrophobia or AnthophobiaFear of flowers. • Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. Antlophobia- Fear of floods. Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) Apiphobia- Fear of bees. Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. Arachnephobia or ArachnophobiaFear of spiders. Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. Arrhenphobia- Fear of men. Arsonphobia- Fear of fire. Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness. Astraphobia or AstrapophobiaFear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia) Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space. Asymmetriphobia- OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER • A person who has an unreasonable need to think and act in a certain way Compulsions becomes so repetitive that the person can not lead a normal life. GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER • The person feels anxious, fearful, upset most of the time for no specific reason POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER • A condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and longlasting after effects. • Ex: Vietnam, rape • Post traumatic stress can affect people who have gone through bombings, rape, floods, fires, torture, child abuse, kidnapping or hurricanes. • These events could lead to anxiety attacks: sudden, extreme, disabling attack of panic that often comes on for no apparent reason. Includes dizziness, rapid heart rate, sweating, extreme alertness, rapid breathing SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Category #2 Describes a condition in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found “hypochondria” AFFECTIVE DISORDRES Category #3 Mood swings which are severe, from extreme happiness to extreme sadness, and last for a long period of time CLINICAL DEPRESSION When feelings of sadness or hopelessness last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily activities and interests • Ten million U.S. citizens suffer from depression each year. • 5 of every 100 teenagers suffer its most severe form. DEPRESSION can be difficult to diagnose. HERE ARE SOME WARNING SIGNS: Symptoms of depression: • constant feelings of sadness, irritability, or tension • decreased interest or pleasure in usual activities or hobbies • loss of energy, feeling tired despite lack of activity • a change in appetite, with significant weight loss or weight gain • a change in sleeping patterns, such as difficulty sleeping, early morning awakening, or sleeping too much • restlessness or feeling slowed down • decreased ability to make decisions or concentrate • feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt • thoughts of suicide or death Lord Byron described his mental state as “a chaos of the mind.” Edgar Allen Poe : alcoholic which is common in bipolar depression. “What made Poe write is what made Poe drink.” Robert Schumann: son of a bipolar author, German composer who wrote 130 songs in one year. He died in an asylum. Vincent Van Gogh: he once wrote of his illness, “the weakness increase from each generation.” Virginia Woolf: She filled her pockets with stones and drowned herself. “I have a feeling I shall go mad,” she wrote. “I can not go on longer…” Ernest Hemingway: Born into a family plagued by suicide, the writer-haunted by manic enthusiasms and depressions-shot himself. Curt Cobain: Seattle grunge rocker took his band Nirvana to the top with Nevermind (one song: Lithium) but took his life at 27. True story of depression: When I realized that something was wrong with me I just wasn’t motivated to even get out of bed and face the world and nothing in particular was bothering me, I just didn’t feel like dealing with anything. I think that was the biggest, the hardest part for me, was actually getting motivated, getting up, to even seek help to get up and go to therapy, or get up to go to the doctor to see what was going on. -Kareema “Oh, the things with depression that bother me the most are feeling like you’re encased in cement, where you just can’t drag your body out of bed, where the simplest of tasks is just daunting and you have to force yourself to re-focus and to pick yourself up and to take that shower, get to the grocery store, get the kids off to school, get to the office, get through your day.” -Bonnie MANIC-DEPRESSIVE DISORDER • When a person's moods shift dramatically form one emotional extreme to another for no apparent reason • Bipolar depression • 2.3 million women and men suffer from bipolar depression in the United States. • Does not include kids under 18 years of age. IS YOUR CHILD BIPOLAR? (a check list) • • • • • • • • • • • • Is excessively distressed when separated from family Exhibits excessive anxiety ro worry Has difficulty arising in the a.m. Is hyperactive and excitable in the p.m. Sleeps fitfully or has difficulty getting to sleep Has night terrors and wakes in the middle of the night Is unable to concentrate at school Has poor handwriting Has difficulty organizing tasks Has difficultly making transitions Has many ideas at once Is very intuitive and very creative • • • • • • • • • • • • Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Has periods of excessive, rapid speech Is willful and refuse to be subordinate Displays periods of hyperactivity Displays abrupt, rapid mood swings Has irritable moods states Has elated or silly, giddy mood states Has exaggerated ideas about self or abilities Exhibits inappropriate sexual behavior Feels easily rejected Has periods of low energy Has periods of self-doubt, poor self esteem • Is intolerant of delays • Relentlessly pursues own needs • Argues with adults or bosses others • Defies or refuses to comply with rules • Blames others of his or her mistakes • Is easily angered when people set limits • Lies to avoid consequences of actions • Has protracted explosive temper tantrums or rages • Has destroyed property intentionally • Curses viciously in anger • Makes moderate threats against others or self • Has made clear threats of suicide • Is fascinated with blood and gore • Has seen or heard hallucinations. PERSONALITY DISORDERS These disorders have no apparent distinct signs or symptoms! ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER • Characterized by a person’s constant conflict with society• The person my display behavior that is cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, and impulsive PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER • These people are often uncooperative with others • They resent being told what to do • They show their anger indirectly SCHIZOPHRENIA • A mental disorder meaning “split mind” • This disorder affects 1-2% percent of the population • Appearing most in people between the ages of 15 and 35. A person with schizophrenia lose the ability to distinguish fantasy from reality, and become less and less able to function. Brain imaging shows signs of brain tissue shrinkage in those suffering from schizophrenia. Fluid-filled spaces exist in some areas where working brain tissue is normally found. True Stories of Split Personalities • The Three Faces of Eve A doctor is treating’ Eve White when he discovers that her headaches and occasional blackouts are actually the result of -- -multiple personalities! Under hypnosis, a whole new set of personalities emerge, such as nice-girl Jane and wild, fun-loving Eve Black. • Sybil A girl with 16 different personalities. It was based on a true story about a young woman whose childhood was so disturbing she developed all these vastly different personas. Here, split personality is used as a metaphor for what people do to survive and the plight of abused children. TYPES OF THERAPY • Therapy: any activity that has healingpromoting effect • Counselor: a helping person • Psychiatrist: MD who after completing medical school receives specialized training and is licensed to prescribe drugs. • Psychoanalyst: a psychiatrist who specializes in seeking the root causes • Psychologist: graduate degree in psychology. • Social worker: person with a graduate degree in social work includes training in counseling • Drug therapy: Prozac, lithium • Codependent: “helper" that allows the troubled person to avoid facing problems. • Enabling: misguided attempt to help, supports the continuation of the inappropriate behavior