Download Proteins

PROTEINS
The final product of the
DNA blueprint
Hemoglobin
Why are proteins important?
“When the body has
something it needs
to do, it is a protein
that does it”
http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Antibodies – fight disease
Why are proteins important?
“When the body has
something it needs
to do, it is a protein
that does it”
http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Receptors – part of cell membrane,
interacts with outside of cell and tells cell
what’s happening
Why are proteins important?
“When the body has
something it needs
to do, it is a protein
that does it”
http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Enzyme that digests insulin
Enzymes – assemble or digest
Why are proteins important?
“When the body has
something it needs
to do, it is a protein
that does it”
http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/prot.htm
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters and hormones – bind to
receptors to trigger a response
Why are proteins important?
Channels and pores – allow large molecules to
pass through cell membranes
What determines the role or
function of a protein?
Shape –
click for
examples
What determines the shape of a
protein?
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins
Amino
Group
Acid
Group
What determines the shape of a protein?
B. 20 different
amino acids
each with
their own R
group
Each “R” group gives amino acids their . . .
- size
- shape
- charge
- Preference for water
(hydrophobic or hydrophilic)
What determines the shape of a protein?
Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds
Four levels of structure (Just FYI)
Primary Structure – Sequence of amino acids.
Four levels of structure
Secondary Structure – some chains form an
alpha helix (coil) or a beta sheet (accordion).
Four levels of structure
Tertiary Structure – How all of the helices and
sheets fold together.
Four levels of structure
Quaternary Structure – some proteins are
made of more than one subunit.
Summary –
How the protein folds
is determined by the
type and number of
amino acids used.
How does the body know how
to make proteins?
A. DNA sequence.
B. If nucleotide order is
changed:
- sequence of amino acids
is changed.
- Shape of protein is
different.
- Protein loses function.
Cystic Fibrosis Video –
“Cracking the Code”
Chapter 9 )
Genetic Testing Video
CLICK HERE http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/national/series/dnaag
e/index.html - WATCH “When a DNA Test Shows a Lethal Fate”