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Download RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID)
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RNA Structure and Function, Transcription and Translation RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID) Function: • All traits you have due to proteins of amino acids • Genes contain “blueprints” to make protein • Ribosomes are site of protein synthesis • RNA reads blueprints & makes protein Structure: • Single Strand • Sugar = ribose • Phosphate group • Bases = adenine, guanine, cytosine, URACIL (replaces T) Types: • mRNA: messenger (carries info to ribosome) • tRNA: transfer (moves amino acids to ribosome) • rRNA: ribosomal (makes up ribosomes) Gene Expression: • Transcription: RNA copy of gene made from DNA molecule • Translation: Proteins made DNA RNA Transcription PROTEIN Translation PRACTICE DNA = ATCGATACG Complementary DNA = mRNA = TAGCTATGC AUCGAUACG DNA = TCCGTACGA Complementary DNA = AGGCATGCT mRNA = UCCGUACGA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSLATION) The Genetic Code • Every 3 nucleotides in mRNA code for specific amino acid; triplet or codon • Genetic code is universal; same in all organisms • tRNA anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon; picks up amino acids THE GENETIC CODE mRNA CODONS Exon – gene that is expressed; coding portion of dna Intron – gene that is not expressed; non-coding portion of dna PRACTICE What amino acids are coded for by the following mRNA codons? GUC Val CCG Pro UAC Tyr UCG Ser AAA Lys GCA Ala What are the possible codons for the following series of amino Phe – Tyr - Met UUU UAU AUG UUC UAC acids? What are the complementary mRNA codons to the tRNA UUU AAA UGC ACG AGA UCU anticodons?
