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Cellular mechanisms of electroencephalogram rhythm generation during sleep. A. The slow oscillation that underlies the slow waves of the EEG in vivo
typically occurs during slow-wave sleep and is generated by the massively recurrent excitatory and inhibitory networks of the cerebral cortex. The slow
oscillation is evident in vitro in extracellular recordings from a number of cortical cells made simultaneously with an intracellular recording of a single
pyramidal cell. The picture of a cortical slice shows the sites of cell recordings. (Reproduced, with permission, from Sanchez-Vives and McCormick 2000.)
B. A spindle wave is evident in vitro in extracellular recordings from a number of cells made simultaneously with the intracellular recording of a single
thalamocortical
cell inSleep
a slice
of Dreaming,
the thalamus.
This pattern
of activity
typically
originates in the thalamus during slow-wave sleep and is transmitted to the
Source:
and
Principles
of Neural
Science,
Fifth Editon
cerebral cortex, where it appears in the EEG (see Figure 51–1A). Spindle waves are generated exclusively by the interaction of thalamic excitatory and
Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available
inhibitory circuits. (Reproduced, with permission, from von Krosigk et al. 1993.)
at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 11, 2017
C. A circadian
rhythm is
in vitro Education.
as evidenced
rhythmic
release of vasopressin from neurons in the isolated suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),
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demonstrating that these neurons have endogenous mechanisms for timing the 24-hour cycle. (Reproduced, with permission, from Earnest and Sladek