REM Sleep - Test Page
... events during rest states, although determining which phasic events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 ...
... events during rest states, although determining which phasic events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... to the ability of the brain to persistently modify its structure and function according to genetic ...
... to the ability of the brain to persistently modify its structure and function according to genetic ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... appropriate feeding-related behaviors (Bernardis & Bellinger 1993, 1996). The past 10 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in our knowledge regarding the number of central and peripheral mediators of energy homeostasis and their complex physiologic and neuro-anatomic inter-relationships (for a d ...
... appropriate feeding-related behaviors (Bernardis & Bellinger 1993, 1996). The past 10 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in our knowledge regarding the number of central and peripheral mediators of energy homeostasis and their complex physiologic and neuro-anatomic inter-relationships (for a d ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... disorders. Over time, interest shifted to defining the neurobiology of mental disorders. In this service, EEG sleep staging became a tool to be used in either diagnosis or validation of the biological nature of mental disorders. A second, nonpsychiatric, line of investigation during this time concer ...
... disorders. Over time, interest shifted to defining the neurobiology of mental disorders. In this service, EEG sleep staging became a tool to be used in either diagnosis or validation of the biological nature of mental disorders. A second, nonpsychiatric, line of investigation during this time concer ...
A Critical Period of Sleep for Development of Courtship Circuitry and
... focused on a role for sleep in the cortical plasticity induced by sensory deprivation in early life, or relied on drugs and lesion studies with nonspecific effects (8). Sleep in Drosophila shares many characteristics with sleep in humans (4, 9), including ontogenetic changes (4, 10). We used this mo ...
... focused on a role for sleep in the cortical plasticity induced by sensory deprivation in early life, or relied on drugs and lesion studies with nonspecific effects (8). Sleep in Drosophila shares many characteristics with sleep in humans (4, 9), including ontogenetic changes (4, 10). We used this mo ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
... The most caudal region implicated in NREM sleep control is the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure can produce short-latency sleep onset (Magnes et al., 1961). Stimulation of the baroreceptor afferents to this area can also produce rapid sleep ons ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... collected during NREM sleep, and 262 measures taken during REM sleep. The mean ± SEM dialysate concentrations (lM) of each amino acid during wakefulness were: glutamate = 1.948 ± 0.018, aspartate = 0.522 ± 0.003, GABA = 0.428 ± 0.003, taurine = 7.442 ± 0.055, serine = 10.665 ± 0.083, and glycine = 4 ...
... collected during NREM sleep, and 262 measures taken during REM sleep. The mean ± SEM dialysate concentrations (lM) of each amino acid during wakefulness were: glutamate = 1.948 ± 0.018, aspartate = 0.522 ± 0.003, GABA = 0.428 ± 0.003, taurine = 7.442 ± 0.055, serine = 10.665 ± 0.083, and glycine = 4 ...
Mammalian Sleep
... and 12 to 16 Hz in primates). Slow wave activity (SWA; 0.5 to 4 Hz) differs in its peak frequency depending on species—that is, it is more concentrated at lower frequencies in some species (human beings, rats) than in others (most mice). The considerable differences in amplitude between species are ...
... and 12 to 16 Hz in primates). Slow wave activity (SWA; 0.5 to 4 Hz) differs in its peak frequency depending on species—that is, it is more concentrated at lower frequencies in some species (human beings, rats) than in others (most mice). The considerable differences in amplitude between species are ...
New Insights into the Regulation of Stomatal Movements by Red
... leaf surface is filled by stomatal pores, where the number of stomata on the abaxial (lower) side of the leaf is usually higher compared to that of the adaxial (upper) side. The abaxial guard cells are often bigger and more opened than the adaxial ones (Willmer and Fricker, 1996). Moreover, the gua ...
... leaf surface is filled by stomatal pores, where the number of stomata on the abaxial (lower) side of the leaf is usually higher compared to that of the adaxial (upper) side. The abaxial guard cells are often bigger and more opened than the adaxial ones (Willmer and Fricker, 1996). Moreover, the gua ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... In summary, we find that REM sleep plays an important role in enhancing experience-dependent plasticity in the developing cerebral cortex of cats. These findings support a long-standing hypothesis that REM sleep in early life promotes circuit formation (2). Our findings suggest that REM sleep achiev ...
... In summary, we find that REM sleep plays an important role in enhancing experience-dependent plasticity in the developing cerebral cortex of cats. These findings support a long-standing hypothesis that REM sleep in early life promotes circuit formation (2). Our findings suggest that REM sleep achiev ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Why do we sleep? After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears t ...
... Why do we sleep? After all from an evolutionary point of view sleep seems like a bad idea, yet • Sleep is universal across species. • Sleep affects the vast majority of body functions including: immune function, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and thermoregulation. • Sleep’s core function appears t ...
Melatonin stimulates the expansion of etiolated lupin cotyledons
... Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J (2007c) Melatonin in plants: more studies are necessary. Plant Signal Behav 2:381–382 Dubbels R, Reiter RJ, Klenke E, Goebel A, Schnakenberg E, Ehlers C, Schiwara HW, Schloot W (1995) Melatonin in edible plants identified by radioimmunoassay and high ...
... Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J (2007c) Melatonin in plants: more studies are necessary. Plant Signal Behav 2:381–382 Dubbels R, Reiter RJ, Klenke E, Goebel A, Schnakenberg E, Ehlers C, Schiwara HW, Schloot W (1995) Melatonin in edible plants identified by radioimmunoassay and high ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... persisted for at least 3 weeks. Lesions of the VLPO caused no change in mean body temperature or its circadian variation; after small lesions of the ventromedial preoptic nucleus, body temperature showed normal circadian variation but a wider temperature range, and sleep behavior was not affected. T ...
... persisted for at least 3 weeks. Lesions of the VLPO caused no change in mean body temperature or its circadian variation; after small lesions of the ventromedial preoptic nucleus, body temperature showed normal circadian variation but a wider temperature range, and sleep behavior was not affected. T ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... Suvorexant (Belsomra®) was approved by the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of insomnia (sleep onset and sleep maintenance) in patients ages 18 and above Almorexant (another DORA) was withdrawn from consideration before it got to the FDA approval stage ...
... Suvorexant (Belsomra®) was approved by the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of insomnia (sleep onset and sleep maintenance) in patients ages 18 and above Almorexant (another DORA) was withdrawn from consideration before it got to the FDA approval stage ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... is most often associated with increased whole body oxygen consumption [78,79]. In this latter case, however, it depends on how close ambient temperature is to the thermoneutral range, as REM sleep is a state where temperature is partially unregulated [79]. Overall, whereas it is possible that energy ...
... is most often associated with increased whole body oxygen consumption [78,79]. In this latter case, however, it depends on how close ambient temperature is to the thermoneutral range, as REM sleep is a state where temperature is partially unregulated [79]. Overall, whereas it is possible that energy ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... Amplitude: Extent of the neuronal population recruited in the down-state (i.e., small SWs are based on the recruitment of fewer neurons as compared to large SWs). Slope: This parameter may reflect synaptic strength (i.e., steeper slow waves are generated when neuronal populations are rapidly and eff ...
... Amplitude: Extent of the neuronal population recruited in the down-state (i.e., small SWs are based on the recruitment of fewer neurons as compared to large SWs). Slope: This parameter may reflect synaptic strength (i.e., steeper slow waves are generated when neuronal populations are rapidly and eff ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... PDF c ycling. To determine whether the amount of PDF in the central brain terminals varies during the LD cycle, flies of the lines elav-gal4; UAS-pdf, Mz1525-gal4;UAS-pdf, and pdf-gal4;UAS-pdf were dissected at two different time points. PDH immunoreactivity was found to be strongest 1–3 hr after li ...
... PDF c ycling. To determine whether the amount of PDF in the central brain terminals varies during the LD cycle, flies of the lines elav-gal4; UAS-pdf, Mz1525-gal4;UAS-pdf, and pdf-gal4;UAS-pdf were dissected at two different time points. PDH immunoreactivity was found to be strongest 1–3 hr after li ...
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release
... Prediction: The PRL rhythm will return when the OT antagonist leaves the system. That is, OT at the lactotroph is required for the expression of the rhythm, but not for triggering the rhythm. Time (days) As predicted, the prolactin rhythm comes back once the antagonist clears the system (day 2 – no ...
... Prediction: The PRL rhythm will return when the OT antagonist leaves the system. That is, OT at the lactotroph is required for the expression of the rhythm, but not for triggering the rhythm. Time (days) As predicted, the prolactin rhythm comes back once the antagonist clears the system (day 2 – no ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... Furthermore, damage to the SCN results in disruption of circadian function, confirming a role for this nucleus as the central clock. Intrinsically, individual neurons within the SCN generate their own autonomous rhythms in electrical activity, cellular metabolism, and gene expression independent of ...
... Furthermore, damage to the SCN results in disruption of circadian function, confirming a role for this nucleus as the central clock. Intrinsically, individual neurons within the SCN generate their own autonomous rhythms in electrical activity, cellular metabolism, and gene expression independent of ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
... wakefulness, such as histamine noradrenaline and serotonin thereby shuting down of the body’s arousal system. • Histamine, for example is believed to be the primary chemical agent stimulating wakefulness, which is why antihistamines cause drowsiness. • A healthy intact hypothalamus is critical for n ...
EEG & Sleep
... • It is characterized by emotional outburst such as abnormal rage,anxiety,fear or discomfort. • There is amnesia or confused mental state for some period. • The cause, are the abnormalities in temporal lobe & tumor in hypothalamus and limbic system. ...
... • It is characterized by emotional outburst such as abnormal rage,anxiety,fear or discomfort. • There is amnesia or confused mental state for some period. • The cause, are the abnormalities in temporal lobe & tumor in hypothalamus and limbic system. ...
Low Quality
... Scientists seeking the reasons for sleep hope to discover some evolutionary insight: Mammals sleep presumably because it offers some survival advantage. But recent work suggests that explaining sleep as an adaptation for saving energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is th ...
... Scientists seeking the reasons for sleep hope to discover some evolutionary insight: Mammals sleep presumably because it offers some survival advantage. But recent work suggests that explaining sleep as an adaptation for saving energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is th ...
Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm /sɜrˈkeɪdiən/ is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours. These 24-hour rhythms are driven by a circadian clock, and they have been widely observed in plants, animals, fungi, and cyanobacteria.The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning ""around"" (or ""approximately""), and diēs, meaning ""day"". The formal study of biological temporal rhythms, such as daily, tidal, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology.Although circadian rhythms are endogenous (""built-in"", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers (from German, ""time giver""), which include light, temperature and redox cycles.