Download Unit 5: Study Guide Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience)

Unit 5: Study Guide
Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience)
Students need to understand the relationship between biology and behavior. We explore the
range of techniques scientists have used to learn about brain function, from procedures such
as ablation, direct stimulation, EEG, CAT scans, PET scans, MRI, and fMRI. We also
emphasize the brain’s role in the body’s nervous system, examining the anatomical and
functional relationships of the central, somatic, and autonomic nervous systems. We will
look at the structure and function of the neuron in electrochemical transmission of impulses.
In addition, we look at the relationship of the nervous system to the endocrine system as well
as examining hereditary influences on behavior.
CR3: The course provides instruction in biological basis of behavior
CR15: As relevant to each content area, the course provides instruction in empiricallysupported psychological facts, research findings, terminology, associated phenomena, major
figures, perspectives, and psychological experiments
Text:
Student Resources:
Chapter 2 (pp. 53 – 91)
Flashcards from text
www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e
The Brain from Top to Bottom (web page)
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_01/i_01_cr/i_01_cr_ana/i_01_cr_ana.html
Timeline:
One Brain or Two?, Forty Studies, pp. 1 – 10
5 days
An emphasis on
 The relationship of biology and behavior.
 Techniques used to learn about brain function: Ablation – Direct Stimulation – EEG - CAT
scans - PET scans – MRI – fMRI
 Examine the role of the Neuron in electrochemical transmission of impulses
 The relationship of the Nervous System and Endocrine System
 Hereditary influences on behavior through Behavioral Genetics of human traits
 (8 – 10 % of multiple choice)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Myers’ Psychology Text Reading Guide Questions
Unit 5: Neuroscience, Sensation, and Perception
Pages 53 – 67
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is meant by a neuron’s action potential?
Differentiate sensory, motor, and interneurons.
What are the primary parts of the neuron?
Contrast agonist from atagonist.
What is role of the endocrine system?
Pages 67 – 80
1. Identify the parts of the old brain and new brain.
2. What is the purpose of EEG, PET scans, and MRIs?
3. What is the significance of the cortex areas?
Unit 5: Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience)
Key Terms
Phrenology
Cell Body
Motor Neurons
Sensory Neurons
Synapse
Myelin Sheath
Refractory
Action Potential
Serotonin
Endorphins
Antagonist
Agonist
Gray Matter
White Matter
Afferent Neurons
Efferent Neurons
Reflexes
Hormones
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Ovary
Testes
Pons
Medulla
Parathyroid
Cerebellum
Aphasia
Plasticity
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Association Areas Broca’s Area
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
PET – (Positron Emission Tomography)
Soma
Neuron
Axon
Dendrites
Threshold
All or None
Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach) Dopamine
Amino Acids
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Reticular Matter
Peripheral Nervous System
Interneurons
Somatic Nervous System
Pineal Glands
Autonomic Nervous System
Pituitary Gland
Sympathetic Nervous System
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine System
Glial Cells
Parasympathetic Nerv. Sys.
Corpus Callosum
Central Nervous System
Limbic System
Cerebral Cortex
Reticular Formation
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Wernicke’s Area
CT- (Computed Tomography)
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Key People
Roger Sperry
___
Carl Wernicke*
___
Michael Gazzaniga* ___
Phineas Gage *
___
Paul Broca*
___
James Olds and Peter Miner ___
A. Speech in the left hemisphere named after me? Gosh.
B. Some said I should change my personality, but a pole through my head? Ouch!
C. Reward Centers in our brains? Cool because I’m just a rat.
D. You can comprehend me because of your left temporal lobe (named after me)
E. Cut my corpus callosum and I’ll have two separate minds
F. Show a picture to my right hemisphere and my left hand will draw a picture of it
Learning Outcomes
(from the Myers text – Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior)
1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology, and describe the ill-fated
phrenology theory.
2. Explain how viewing each person as a biopsychosocial system helps us understand
human behavior, and discuss by researchers study other animals in search of clues to
human neural processes.
3. Describe the parts of a neuron, and explain how its impulses are generated.
4. Describe how nerve cells communicate.
5. Explain how neurotransmitters affect behavior, and outline the effects of acetylcholine
and the endorphins.
6. Explain how drugs other chemicals affect neurotransmission, and describe the
contrasting effects of agonists and antagonists.
7. Describe the nervous system’s two major divisions, and identify the three types of
neurons that transmit information through the system.
8. Identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions.
9. Contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks.
10. Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the
nervous system.
11. Describe several techniques for studying the brain.
12. Describe the components of the brainstem, and summarize the functions of the
brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum.
13. Describe the structures and functions of the limbic system, and explain how one of these
structures controls the pituitary gland.
14. Define cerebral cortex, and explain its importance for the human brain.
15. Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
16. Summarize some of the findings on the functions of the motor cortex and the sensory
cortex, and discuss the importance of the association areas.
17. Describe the five brain areas that would be involved if your this sentence aloud.
18. Discuss the brain’s plasticity following injury or illness.
19. Describe the split-brain research, and explain how it helps us understand the functions
of our left and right hemispheres.
20. Discuss the relationships among brain organization, handedness, and mortality.