Download Living Environment Immune System and Disease Aim What are the

Living Environment
Immune System and Disease
Aim
What are the body’s nonspecific defenses against invading
pathogens?
What is immunity?
Nonspecific Defenses Against Disease,
1st line of Defense: Keep disease from entering the body,
accomplished by the:
1. Skin
2. Mucus
3. Sweat
4. Tears
2nd Line of Defense
-Once a pathogen has entered the body the following
occurs
Inflammatory Response
1. Blood vessels expand, swelling of tissue occurs
2. White blood cells enter infected tissue, destroying
pathogens
3. Fever occurs killing pathogens
Interferon: proteins secreted by cells working against
viruses
Specific Defenses
Immune Response: Active attack on disease-causing
agents by the immune system
Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response
Ex. Bacteria, virus
Phagocyte: Cells that engulf foreign cells/material
Humoral Immunity
Immunity against pathogens in body fluids by white blood
cells(B+T)
B lymphocyte(B-cell): Produces antibodies, have memory
T lymphocyte(T-cell): Activate B-Cells
Antibody: a protein that helps destroy pathogens
Cell Mediated Immunity
Killer T cells: Destroy antigen bearing cells
Permanent Immunity: Once the body has been exposed to
a pathogen, it remains capable of producing B+T cells
specific to that pathogen
Active Immunity(body can mount an attack)
Vaccine: The injection of a weakened form of a pathogen
to produce immunity
History of vaccines
Edward Jenner used cowpox to produce immunity to
smallpox in the 1800’s
Passive Immunity
1. Injections of antibodies
2. Antibodies received across the placenta or in breast
milk(maternal immunity)
3. Short lasting
Living Environment
Immune System and Disease
Aim
What are the body’s nonspecific defenses against invading
pathogens?
What is immunity?
Nonspecific Defenses Against Disease,
1st line of Defense:
accomplished by the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
2nd Line of Defense
-
Inflammatory Response
1.
2.
3.
Interferon:
Specific Defenses
Immune Response:
Antigen:
Ex.
Phagocyte:
Humoral Immunity
B lymphocyte(B-cell):
T lymphocyte(T-cell):
Antibody:
Cell Mediated Immunity
Killer T cells:
Permanent Immunity:
Active Immunity(body can mount an attack)
Vaccine:
History of vaccines
Edward Jenner used cowpox to produce immunity to
smallpox in the 1800’s
Passive Immunity
1.
2.
3.