Download Heart Outline - McCreary County Schools

Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Heart Outline
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _______________ Class: ________________
Functions of the Circulatory System
The heart is the _________________ that circulates blood
Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport the blood
Blood carries oxygen and _____________ to the cells and carries waste products away
Lymph system functions
Major Blood Circuits
Blood leaves the heart through _______________ and returns by _____________
Blood circulation routes
General or system circulation
Cardiopulmonary _______________
Changes in the composition of circulating blood
The Heart
About the size of a closed ________________
Weighs about 1 pound
Located in the thoracic cavity; the _______________ of the heart lies on the diaphragm and
points to the left of the body
Draw the Heart-------------------------------------
After 4 to 5 minutes without blood flow, brain cells are irreversibly damaged
Can hear the heartbeat through a stethoscope
Cardiac arrest
Cardiopulmonary ___________________ (CPR)
Structure of the Heart
Hollow, _______________, double pump
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Pericardium and pericardial fluid
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium
_________________ and inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Pulmonary _________________
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Chambers and Valves
Separated into right and left _____________ by the septum; then each half separated into an
upper and lower chamber
Upper chambers
Left and _______________ atria
Lower chambers
Left and right ventricles
Valves keep blood ___________________ in one direction
Valves
Atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid or ________________ valve
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Physiology of the Heart
Double pump
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Right heart
___________________ blood
Left heart
Oxygenated ___________________
Heart Rate and Cardiac Output
Normal adult rate is between 72 and 80 beats per minute
Stroke volume
Calculating the ______________ output
Exercise increases cardiac output
Heart Sounds
Valves make sounds when they close
Called lubb dupp ______________
Lubb
Tricuspid and bicuspid valves (S1)
Dupp
Aortic and pulmonary valves (S2)
Conduction System
Electrical impulses cause rhythmic beating of the heart
____________________ (SA) node or pacemaker
Atrioventricular (AV) node
_________________ of His
Purkinje fibers
ECG or EKG
The electrocardiogram is a device to ________________ the electrical activity of the heart
Systole
Contraction
Diastole
Relaxation
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Positive and negative deflection
P, QRS, and T waves
Prevention of Heart Disease
Heart ____________________ is the leading cause of death
Coronary heart disease
Risk factors
Steps to lower risk or prevent heart disease
Blood cholesterol levels and triglycerides
Diagnostic Tests – Noninvasive
__________________
Cardiac MRI
Coronary calcium scoring/heart scan
____________________
Electrocardiogram
Exercise stress tests
Holter monitor
MUGA (multiple gated acquisition scan)
Diagnostic Tests – Invasive
Cardiac ________________
IVUS (intravascular coronary ultrasound)
Diagnostic Tests – Blood Tests
Arterial blood gases
BNP
Lipid panel
C-reactive protein
Cardiac Troponin T
Effects of Aging
____________ muscle fibers replaced by fibrous tissue
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Heart valves increase in thickness
Cardiac output decreases
Changes become more significant when elderly person becomes physically or mentally stressed
Diseases of the Heart –Common Symptoms
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
________________
Murmurs
Mitral valve prolapse
Diseases of the Coronary Artery
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction
Infectious Diseases of the Heart
_____________________
Myocarditis
Endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Heart Failure
When the ventricles of the heart are unable to contract effectively and blood pools in the heart
Symptoms depend on which _____________________ fails
Left ventricle failure
Dyspnea
Right ventricle failure
Engorgement of organs, edema, and ascites
Congestive Heart Failure
Similar to heart failure
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory System
Chapter 13 & 14
Left-sided failure – pulmonary edema
Right-sided failure – fluid __________________ throughout body
Treatment
Rhythm/Conduction Defects
Heart block
First-degree block
Second-degree block
Third-degree block or complete heart block
Premature contractions
Atrial fibrillation
PVCs
Ventricular fibrillation
Types of Heart Surgery
Angioplasty
Cardiac stents
Coronary bypass
Transmyocardial laser revascularization
Heart Transplants
Used as a last resort
Histocompatibility
Organ rejection
Medical Highlights
Pacemaker
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
Defibrillator
Heart pumps