Download BIO 202 STUDENT LECTURE NOTES Lecture: Heart l Heart

BIO 202 STUDENT LECTURE NOTES
Lecture: Heart l
Heart – located in the mediastinum
What is the mediastinum? ___________________________________________________________________________
The heart sits mainly to the _____________ of midline and is rotated so its ___________ side is more anterior.
What is anterior to? _________________________ posterior to? _______________________
Where is its superior border relative to the ribs? ______________________inferior border? _______________________
Size? ___________________ What is the apex? __________________________ the base? _______________________
Pericardium
Describe this two layered sac __________________________________________________________________________
The parietal layer of the serous pericardium is located where? _______________________________________________
The visceral layer of the serous membrane is located where? ________________________________________________
So what is the pericardial cavity and what is normally found there? ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name the three layers of the heart wall and what they are composed of:
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cardiac muscle tissue – cardiac muscle cells / fibers
shape of cells ________________ number of nuclei per cell ________________ striated? _______________________
voluntary? _______________________________
junctions between cells called _________________________ …..and what two types of special cell junctions are found
here?___________________________________________________________________________________________
Cells are arranged in bundles that are ______________________________.
What kind of motion does this produce when it contracts? _____________________________________________
Connective tissue wraps around and bundles cardiac muscle fibers like it did around skeletal muscle fibers.
What is the CT sheath that surrounds the cardiac muscle fibers called? ________________________________
It contains collagen fibers, lots of capillaries,and nerves
What is the fibrous skeleton? ________________________________________________________________________
What are some of its functions? ______________________________________________________________________
Know these structures and be able to label them on an image:
- also know how blood flows through the heart and how the valves open and close as the heart contracts / relaxes
left and right atria – atria are the _______________________chambers; between them is the ______________ septum
left and right ventricles – ventricles are the ______________ chambers; between them is the _____________ septum
auricles; pectinate muscles; trabeculae carneae; papillary muscles
superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; four pulmonary veins; aorta; pulmonary trunk; left and right pulmonary arteries
arteries contain blood moving _________ from the heart; veins contain blood moving _______________ the heart
right atrioventricular valve = __________________ valve
left atrioventricular valve = ______________ valve = _______________ valve
chordae tendinae
right semilunar valve = _____________________________
left semilunar valve = ______________________________
Differences in design of AV valves and SL valves? __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pulmonary and Systemic blood circulation – know how blood flows through these circuits and through the heart
- Why is the left ventricular heart wall thicker than the right ventricular heart wall? ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Coronary Circulation
Know these and be able to identify on an image:
Three grooves on the heart ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
· Coronary arteries – originate where? __________________________________________________________________
Left Coronary artery – two branches: 1. ______________________________ 2. ________________________________
Right coronary artery – two branches 1. ______________________________ 2. ________________________________
· Cardiac veins – drain into large, transverse posterior vein called the ___________________________ sinus which
opens into the ____________ _____________
Three cardiac veins: 1. ________________________ 2. _________________________ 3. ________________________
Heart attack – often caused by what? __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Also define: thrombus ______________________________________________________________________________
ischemia _______________________________________________________________________________
infarct _________________________________________________________________________________