Download ing. Past Participles usually end in

Verbs – words that describe action
or a state of being.
Action verbs describe
activity.
The action may be physical, or may
describe a quiet activity.
Physical actions: eat, walk, run, sleep,
swim, scream, read, write, watch
Quiet actions: love, think,
care, grow, forgive, concentrate
Linking Verbs
Linking verbs describe a state of being.
They connect a noun or adjective to the
subject of a clause or sentence.
Bob was a great baseball coach.
The dinner looks wonderful.
Helping verbs help the main verb
describe action that happened in the past,
is happening in the present, or will
happen in the future.
am
being do
have
must
are
can
does
is
shall
be
could had
may
should
been
did
has
might was
were
will
would
The main verb can have up to three
helping verbs.
He must have been sleeping soundly to
sleep through the alarm.
She could have gone to the movies if
she had finished her homework.
Infinitive Form
An infinitive is a main verb usually
preceded by the word to.
It does the work of both a verb and a noun.
It may be used as an adjective or adverb.
Noun
Adjective
To go often is his goal.
Verb
Sid likes to play the flute.
Her desire to study often results in perfect
scores.
There are six
main tenses:
Present tense – now
The boy has brown hair.
Past tense – before now
The boy had brown hair until he
bleached it.
Future tense – has not happened yet
The boy will have brown hair next
week.
Present perfect tense – started in the past
and continuing up to the present.
The dog has had fleas for five years.
Past perfect tense – finished before some
other past action.
He had gone to college before he
started his business.
Future perfect tense – action will start and
finish in the future.
I will have gone to school for four
months before we get a vacation.
A participle is a form of a verb that can be
used as a verb or an adjective.
There are two kinds of participles – past and
present.
Present Participles usually end in -ing.
Past Participles usually end in -ed or -en,
or -d, -t, or –n, and follow the helping
verbs have or had.
Examples: Present Participle
John is going to be in the school
play.
Joey will be playing the part
of Captain Lewis.
He caught the two boys cheating.
The singing choir marched onto the stage.
Examples: Past Participle
Jane had decided to try out for the debate
team instead of cheerleading.
Beth and Mary have been chosen for the
team.
The boy was frightened.
Each verb has three main parts called
principal parts.
The infinitive – to swim, to throw, to run
1. The Past Tense – swam, threw, ran
2. The present Participle – (to be) swimming, (to
be) throwing, (to be) running
3. The Past Participle – (have/had) swum,
(have/had) thrown, (have/had) run
Regular verbs are verbs that can be changed
from the present to the past or past participle
by adding –ed or –d.
present
jump
walk
skate
past
jumped
walked
skated
past participle
have jumped
have walked
have skated
The past and past participle forms of
irregular verbs are formed in various ways.
present
begin
blow
do
fly
get
give
past
began
blew
did
flew
got
gave
past participle
have begun
have blown
have done
have flown
have gotten
have given
More Examples of Irregular Verbs
present
past
past participle
grow
grew
have grown
lay
laid
have laid
lie
lay
have lain
know
ride
see
take
knew
ride
saw
took
have known
have ridden
have seen
have taken
The Most Often Used Irregular Verb
is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Now I am.
Yesterday I was.
I have been.
Now we are.
Yesterday we were.
We have been.
Just being here is great!
is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
I am
You are
He/she is
We are
They are
I had been
You had been
He/she had been
We had been
They had been
I have been
You have been
He/she has been
We have been
They have been
I will be
You will be
He/she will be
We will be
They will be
I was
You were
He/she was
We were
They were
I will have been
You will have been
He/she will have been
We will have been
They will have been