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Perfect tense The perfect tense is a compound tense, which means that it has an auxiliary verb (helping verb) and a past participle. This is the same in English, where the helping verb is “have” or “has” as in “I have spoken”; “she has spoken”. In Spanish, the helping verb is “haber” which means “to have”. NB: don’t confuse “haber” with “tener” (to have; to possess). The perfect tense refers to the recent past and past actions that are still true. We also use this tense to talk about an action that has been completed recently. Formation of the perfect tense Remember it is a compound tense and is made up of two verbs; a part of haber and a past participle. Here is “haber” in the present tense: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. he has ha hemos habéis han Regular past participles - ar verbs: drop the “-ar” and add “-ado” - er verbs: drop the “-er” and add “-ido” - ir verbs: drop the “-ir” and add “-ido” Examples: Hablar – hablado (talked) Comer – comido (eaten) Vivir – vivido (lived) - He hablado con Roberto = I have spoken with Robert - Has comido la ensalada = You have eaten the salad - Nos hemos acostado a las diez = We have gone to bed at 10 Irregular past participles Verb Atraer Caer Creer Leer Oír Poseer Sonreír Traer Abrir Cubrir Decir Descubrir Describer English Past participle To attract Atraído To fall Caído To believe/to Creído think To read Leído To hear Oído To possess Poseído To smile sonreído To bring traído To open Abierto To cover Cubierto To say Dicho To discover Descubierto To describe Descrito Devolver Envolver Escribir Freír Hacer Morir Poner Resolver Romper Ver Volver To return (something) To wrap, wrap up To write To fry To do/make To die To put To resolve To break To see To return devuelto Envuelto Escrito Frito Hecho muerto Puesto Resuelto roto visto vuelto