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Download Name: Period: ______ Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide A verb is
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Name: _____________________ Period: ______ Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide A verb is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being. Example sentence: King Kong climbs the Empire State Building. An action verb tells what a subject does. The action it expresses may be either physical or mental. Example sentence: Kong loves a woman. A linking verb links its subject to a word in the predicate. The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb be. Linking Verbs Forms of be Verbs that express condition Helping verbs help main verbs express precise shades of meaning. The combination of one or more helping verbs with a main verb is called a verb phrase. Common Helping Verbs Forms of be Forms of do Forms of have Others University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 1 Action verbs are often accompanied by words that complete their meaning. These complements are direct objects and indirect objects. A direct object is a noun or pronoun that names the receiver of a verb’s action; answers the question what or whom. An action verb that has a direct object is called a transitive verb; circle the transitive verb in your diagram. Example sentence: The scriptwriter begins the process. An indirect object tells to what or whom or for what or whom an action is done. Example sentence: The director gives the scriptwriter some advice. An action verb that does not have a direct object is called an intransitive verb. The word that a linking verb connects its subject to is called a subject complement. The subject complement identifies or describes the subject. Some common linking verbs are is, feel, seem, and look. A subject complement can be a predicate noun or a predicate adjective. A predicate noun is a noun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames, or defines the subject. Example sentence: Star Wars is a science fiction film. Example sentence: Science fiction films are popular. A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject. University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 2 Every verb has four basic forms called its principal parts: the present, the present participle, the past, and the past participle. The Four Principal Parts of a Verb Present Present Participle Past Past Participle *Notice that helping verbs are used with the present participle and past participle. A regular verb is a verb whose past and past participle are formed by adding –ed or –d to the present. Present Present Participle Past Past Participle Irregular verbs are verbs whose past and past participle forms are not made by adding –ed or –d to the present. Common Irregular Verbs Present Past Past Participle Present Past Past Participle Group 1 The forms of the present, the past, and the past participle are all the same. Group 2 The forms of the past and the past participle are the same. Group 3 The past participle is formed by adding –n or –en to the past. Group 4 The past participle is formed from the present, often by adding –n or –en. Group 5 The last vowel changes from i in the present to a in the past, to u in the past participle. The Irregular Verb Be The past and past participle do not follow any pattern. University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 3 A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. The present tense shows that an action or condition occurs now. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The past tense shows that an action or condition was completed in the past. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The future tense shows that an action or condition will occur in the future. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ A progressive form of a verb expresses an action or condition in progress. The progressive forms of the three simple tenses are used to show that actions or conditions were, are, or will be in progress. Present Progressive: ________________________________________________________________ Past Progressive: __________________________________________________________________ Future Progressive: _________________________________________________________________ Forming Simple Tenses Singular Plural Present (present principal part) Past (past principal part) Future (will + present part) To make the progressive form of one of these tenses, add the present, past, or future form of be to the present participle. Present Progressive: _________________________________________________________________ Past Progressive: ____________________________________________________________________ Future Progressive: __________________________________________________________________ The present perfect tense places an action or condition in a stretch of time leading up to the present. To form the present, past, or future form of have to the past participle. Forming Perfect Tenses Singular Plural Present Perfect (has or have + past participle) Past Perfect (had + past participle) Future Perfect (will + have + past participle) University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 4 The present tenses convey actions and conditions that occur in the present. The present tense places the actions in the present. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The present perfect tense shows places the actions in a period of time leading up to the present. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The present progressive tense shows the actions in progress now. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The past tenses convey actions and conditions that came to an end in the past. The past tense shows actions that began and were completed in the past. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The past perfect tense places the actions before other past actions. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The past progressive forms show that the actions were in progress in the past. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The future tenses convey actions and conditions that are yet to come. By using the different future verb forms, you can show how future events are related in time. The future tense shows that the actions have not yet occurred. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The future perfect tense places the actions before other future actions. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ The future progressive forms show that the actions will be continuing in the future. Example sentence: __________________________________________________________________ Troublesome Verb Pairs Lie means “to rest in a flat position.” It does not take an object. Lay means “to put or place.” It does take an object. Lie and Lay Present Past lie Future lay University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 5 Sit means “to be seated.” It does not take an object. Set means “to put or place.” It does take an object. Sit and Set Present Past sit Past Participle set Rise means “to move upward” or “get out of bed.” It does not take an object. Raise means “to lift” or “to care for or bring up.” It does take an object. Rise and Raise Present Past Past Participle rise raise Let means “to allow” or “to permit.” Leave means “to allow something to remain where it is.” Both let and leave may take an object. Let and Leave Present Past let Past Participle leave ***Terms to know (matching portion on test): action verb:________________________________________________________________________ linking verb:________________________________________________________________________ helping verb:________________________________________________________________________ direct object:_______________________________________________________________________ indirect object:_____________________________________________________________________ predicate adjective:__________________________________________________________________ predicate noun:______________________________________________________________________ transitive verb:_____________________________________________________________________ irregular verb:______________________________________________________________________ tense:____________________________________________________________________________ verb phrase:________________________________________________________________________ complement:________________________________________________________________________ subject complement:__________________________________________________________________ University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy/Grammar Unit 3: Verbs Study Guide/7th Grade/2016-2017/mts 6