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Classical conditioning of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. (Adapted, with permission, from Hawkins et al. 1983.) A. The siphon is stimulated by a light touch and the tail is shocked, but the two stimuli are not paired in time. The tail shock excites facilitatory interneurons that form synapses on the presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons innervating the mantle shelf and siphon. This is the mechanism of sensitization. 1. The pattern of unpaired stimulation during training. 2. Under these conditions the size of the motor neuron EPSP is only weakly facilitated by the tail shock. In this example the EPSP actually decreases slightly despite the tail shock because repeated unpaired stimulation of the siphon leads to synaptic depression. Source: Cellular Mechanisms of Implicit Memory Storage and the Biological Basis of Individuality, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon B. The tail shock is paired of Jessell the siphon. 1. The siphon touched (conditioned stimulus orofCS) immediately priorEditon; to shocking the tail Citation: Kandelwith ER, stimulation Schwartz JH, TM, Siegelbaum SA,isHudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles Neural Science, Fifth 2012 Available (unconditioned stimulus or US). As a result, the siphon sensory neurons are primed to be more responsive to input from the facilitatory interneurons in the at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 05, 2017 unconditioned pathway. This is the mechanism of classical conditioning; it both amplifies the response of the conditioned pathway and restricts the Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved amplification to that pathway. 2. Recordings of EPSPs in an identified motor neuron produced by the siphon sensory neurons before training and one hour