Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... experienced a brief reduction in their tinnitus following the cutoff masker. This phenomenon has come to be called as RI. Till now and in spite of its importance, RI has not been thoroughly investigated and understanding its involved neural mechanisms. This indeed can improve our knowledge about tin ...
... experienced a brief reduction in their tinnitus following the cutoff masker. This phenomenon has come to be called as RI. Till now and in spite of its importance, RI has not been thoroughly investigated and understanding its involved neural mechanisms. This indeed can improve our knowledge about tin ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... We applied theta-burst stimulation to produce synaptic strengthening and the associated growth of new spines on dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures as described previously (Nägerl et al., 2004). Using timelapse two-photon microscopy (Denk et al., 1990), we m ...
... We applied theta-burst stimulation to produce synaptic strengthening and the associated growth of new spines on dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures as described previously (Nägerl et al., 2004). Using timelapse two-photon microscopy (Denk et al., 1990), we m ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... which the unit could fire more than one time to a paired RVLM stimulus. This response, characteristic of Epi Adr SPNs, is shown in the peristimulus time histogram in Fig. 2A, top. The probability of unit discharge fell below control levels for ⬃80 ms after the RVLM stimulation (mean control discharg ...
... which the unit could fire more than one time to a paired RVLM stimulus. This response, characteristic of Epi Adr SPNs, is shown in the peristimulus time histogram in Fig. 2A, top. The probability of unit discharge fell below control levels for ⬃80 ms after the RVLM stimulation (mean control discharg ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... motivated behaviours and neuropsychiatric disorders1–3. Although dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous ...
... motivated behaviours and neuropsychiatric disorders1–3. Although dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
... The neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been shown to elicit pronounced effects on quantal neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses. Due to their activitydependent release, as well as the subcellular localization of both protein and receptor, NTs are ideally suit ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
Spatial cognition, body representation and affective processes
... information in tasks that are seemingly remote from well-known functions such as space constancy or postural control. In this review article we point out three emerging streams of research highlighting the importance of vestibular input: (1) Spatial Cognition: Modulation of vestibular signals can in ...
... information in tasks that are seemingly remote from well-known functions such as space constancy or postural control. In this review article we point out three emerging streams of research highlighting the importance of vestibular input: (1) Spatial Cognition: Modulation of vestibular signals can in ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
... occur 'spontaneously'. Two of the commonest used were: (a) a single retractormuscle preparation with as little buccal sensory tissue as possible and with the longitudinal muscle stretched; and (b) a double retractor-muscle preparation pinned down with moderate pressure upon the tentacles. In such pr ...
... occur 'spontaneously'. Two of the commonest used were: (a) a single retractormuscle preparation with as little buccal sensory tissue as possible and with the longitudinal muscle stretched; and (b) a double retractor-muscle preparation pinned down with moderate pressure upon the tentacles. In such pr ...
AANEM Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular
... communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive list will continue to occur periodically. The original glossary was produced in 1980 with u ...
... communicate effectively. This glossary is the cumulative effort of many individuals over the past several decades. With added knowledge gained through research and innovation, the need to update the extensive list will continue to occur periodically. The original glossary was produced in 1980 with u ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
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... 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01309.2006. Classical conditioning paradigms have been shown to cause frequency-specific plasticity in both primary and secondary cortical areas. Previous research demonstrated that repeated pairing of nucleus basalis (NB) stimulation with a tone results in plasticity in pri ...
... 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01309.2006. Classical conditioning paradigms have been shown to cause frequency-specific plasticity in both primary and secondary cortical areas. Previous research demonstrated that repeated pairing of nucleus basalis (NB) stimulation with a tone results in plasticity in pri ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... broad range of stimulus intensities and frequencies, including those likely to induce long-term potentiation. The amount of Zn2⫹ release was dependent on stimulation frequency (1–200 Hz) and intensity. Release of Zn2⫹ required sodium-dependent action potentials and was dependent on extracellular Ca2 ...
... broad range of stimulus intensities and frequencies, including those likely to induce long-term potentiation. The amount of Zn2⫹ release was dependent on stimulation frequency (1–200 Hz) and intensity. Release of Zn2⫹ required sodium-dependent action potentials and was dependent on extracellular Ca2 ...
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... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... studies (Durham and Woolsey, 1977; Kossut et al., 1988; McCasland and Woolsey, 1988) and optical imaging of intrinsic reflectance changes of the cortical surface (Masino and Frostig, 1996). An alternative approach is to image neuronal activity with voltage-sensitive dyes, which can record both the s ...
... studies (Durham and Woolsey, 1977; Kossut et al., 1988; McCasland and Woolsey, 1988) and optical imaging of intrinsic reflectance changes of the cortical surface (Masino and Frostig, 1996). An alternative approach is to image neuronal activity with voltage-sensitive dyes, which can record both the s ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons play important roles in adaptive and pathological brain functions related to reward and motivation. It is unknown, however, if subpopulations of VTA dopamine neurons participate in distinct circuits that encode different motivational signatures and wheth ...
... Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons play important roles in adaptive and pathological brain functions related to reward and motivation. It is unknown, however, if subpopulations of VTA dopamine neurons participate in distinct circuits that encode different motivational signatures and wheth ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the ipsilateral inferior olive (-nucleus and dorsomedial cell column) as well as the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. These olivary neurons are the exclusive source of vestibularly modulated climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellum. We recorded the activity of Psol neurons during natural vesti ...
... the ipsilateral inferior olive (-nucleus and dorsomedial cell column) as well as the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. These olivary neurons are the exclusive source of vestibularly modulated climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellum. We recorded the activity of Psol neurons during natural vesti ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews see Andersen et al. 1997; Colby and Goldberg 1999; Moschovakis and Highstein 1994; Schall 1997; Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). W ...
... visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews see Andersen et al. 1997; Colby and Goldberg 1999; Moschovakis and Highstein 1994; Schall 1997; Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). W ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... treatment of tinnitus come? Multidisciplinary approach • Learning from other disorders such as pain • Evaluate treatments based on their effects on the adverse effects (suffering) • When testing of new treatments consider that treatment of tinnitus has large placebo effects Set reasonable goals for ...
... treatment of tinnitus come? Multidisciplinary approach • Learning from other disorders such as pain • Evaluate treatments based on their effects on the adverse effects (suffering) • When testing of new treatments consider that treatment of tinnitus has large placebo effects Set reasonable goals for ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... that short-term plasticity modulates transmission properties independently at each bouton. Although much has been revealed by these approaches, a straightforward quantal analysis of synaptic activity has not been reported so far. Owing to technical constraints associated with the various imaging met ...
... that short-term plasticity modulates transmission properties independently at each bouton. Although much has been revealed by these approaches, a straightforward quantal analysis of synaptic activity has not been reported so far. Owing to technical constraints associated with the various imaging met ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... obtained from identified LAT projection neurons in barbiturateanesthetized cats. Synaptic responses evoked by perirhinal ( PRH ) , entorhinal ( ENT ) , basomedial, and LAT stimulation were investigated. Regardless of stimulation site, responses consisted of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP ...
... obtained from identified LAT projection neurons in barbiturateanesthetized cats. Synaptic responses evoked by perirhinal ( PRH ) , entorhinal ( ENT ) , basomedial, and LAT stimulation were investigated. Regardless of stimulation site, responses consisted of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP ...