Download Macromolecules of Life

Macromolecules of Life
Macro: ___Large_____
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Molecule:___group of atoms bonded together____
All organisms are composed of __organic molecules__ which contain ___carbon, C__.
Composed of __smaller___units that bond together to form ____larger_ molecules.
__Energy__ is stored in the __bonds__ that link the molecules together.
Organic Molecules have…..
1.) ___Different Structures___
2.)____Different functions__
3.) ___Different caloric values (amounts of energy)_______
Three Important Biological Molecules
1.) __Proteins__molecules composed of chains of ___amino acids_, made of C,H,N,O and S.
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There are _20_ amino acids that bond to make proteins.
__12_ are made in the human body, others must be consumer from _food_.
o __nuts_, ___beans_, or __meat_
Proteins have the same ___caloric value_ per gram as carbohydrates. They are more important as __building blocks__
than for _energy_.
Function
Structure
Transport
Substances
Regulate
Processes
Movement
Speed up
Chemical Reactions
Description
Used for support such as connective tissue and keratin that forms hairs and fingernails
Transport proteins move many substances through the body Ex. Hemoglobin which
transports oxygen through the blood
Hormone proteins. Ex, insulin which regulates the amount of sugar in the blood
Help control movement. Ex. proteins in muscles which control contraction
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions Ex. digestive enzymes which break
down food in the digestive tract
2.) _Lipids__ including __fats__ are composed of C, H, and O.
o
o
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o
(Ex. Fats, Oils, and Waxes)
Lipids have more __C-H bonds__ than carbohydrates (More Energy)
Lipid molecules are made up of 2 parts: __glycerol__ and __fatty acid tails_
Lipids are broken down during ___digestion___
Lipids are __stored_ for later use or used as _fuel___ for cellular respiration.
Important Functions of Lipids in Humans
1.) __Long term energy storage
3.) __Insulation for the body
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2.) _____Cushioning of vital organs
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4.) _____Major component of Cell Mambranes______
5.) ___Necessary for production of vitamins and some hormones_________
3.) ___Carbohydrates_ made up of C, H and O.
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o
Simple sugars (_monosaccharides_) link together to form complex molecules (_polysaccharides_)
Same __caloric value_ as proteins.
Main source of ___fuel__ for the cell. (Glucose for Cellular Respiration)
__Digestion_ breaks down complex carbs into ___simple sugars__ which are absorbed into blood.
o
The cells use simple sugars as _fuel_ for ___cellular respiration_
Ex. Simple Sugars :glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose (-ose)
Complex Carbs: starch and fiber (bread, pasta, fruits, and vegetables)
Function
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o
Primary source of _fuel__ for __cellular respiration__
Used to store __energy__ for short periods of time.
Structural Molecule
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Can be __broken down_ and used to build other organic molecules (___amino acids and fatty acids__)
__Cellulose_ is a carb (structure in __plants_)