Download Carbon Compounds

CARBON
COMPOUNDS
CHAPTER 2, SECTION 3
CARBON is the principle element in the large molecules that
organisms make and use
ORGANIC compounds contain carbon
INORGANIC compounds are all the other compounds
4 valence electrons and can easily bond
Carbon has _____
with other atoms to make large, complex molecules
Most complex macromolecules are POLYMERS which are
made up of smaller units called MONOMERS
CARBOHYDRATES
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
Sugars and Starches
Store chemical ENERGY and have some structural purposes
Variable in Size
SMALL
MONOMER
LARGE
POLYMER
Monosaccharide
Simple Sugars
EX: Glucose
Disaccharide
Glucose + Fructose =
SUCROSE
Polysaccharide
Many Glucose =
STARCH
CARBOHYDRATES
POLAR molecules, but solubility in water depends on size
Simple sugars such as glucose supply immediate energy for cell
activities
Living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates such
as starch or glycogen
LIPIDS
Contain mostly Carbon and Hydrogen
Fats, Oils, and Waxes
Store ENERGY and are a structural component of biological
MEMBRANES
NONPOLAR molecules formed from a Glycerol molecule and
Fatty Acid Chains
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and
Phosphorous
Molecules of INHERITANCE (DNA and RNA)
Assembled from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES
PROTEINS
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Made of monomers called AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acids are joined by peptide bonds, therefore another
name for a protein is POLYPEPTIDE
There are 4 levels of structural organization
PROTEINS
Proteins are very diverse and have different functions:
Aid in chemical reactions (enzymes)
Help fight disease (antibodies)
Build bone and muscle tissue
Help transport substances in/out of cell
Help regulate cell processes