Download BACTERIA AND VIRUS REVIEW SHEET ANSWER KEY 1. In the

BACTERIA AND VIRUS REVIEW SHEET ANSWER KEY
1. In the following chart, fill in the six kingdoms and their basic characteristics.
KINGDOM
Cell Type
Cellular
Nutrition
Organization
Autotrophic &
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Protista
Eukaryotic
Mostly Unicellular
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Mostly Multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
2.
3.
4.
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic &
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic &
Heterotrophic
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Cell Wall
Yes
Yes, peptidoglycan
Some with cellulose
Yes, chitin
Yes, cellulose
No
Examples
Methanogens,
halophiles
Streptococcus,
Tuberculosis
Euglena, Amoeba
Paramecium
Mushroom, mold
Tree, fern
Human, insect
The eyepiece magnifies an object 10x. The objective lens magnifies an object 4x. What is the total magnification? 40x
If the objective above is swapped for a 10x objective, what is the new magnification? 100x
Label the parts of the microscope below and briefly describe what each does.
Eyepiece – magnifies the object 10x
Course adjustment knob – focuses the
object by moving the stage up and down
Fine adjustment – focuses the object
Objectives – magnify the
object
Stage – holds the slide
Arm – supports the microscope
Illuminator – lights the
slide
Base – supports the microscope
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Draw and describe the three common shapes and four arrangements of bacterial cells.
Coccus – spherical
Single
Bacillus – rod
Diplo – two
Spirillum – spiral
Strepto – chains
Staphylo – clumps
On the back of this sheet, make a chart listing the positive and negative contributions of bacteria to ecosystems.
(next page)
What is the major difference(s) between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
Archaebacteria live in extreme habitats and Eubacteria live everywhere
Archaebacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls and Eubacteria do.
Explain how the cell type in prokaryotes differs from that in eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes do not have nuclei or organelles, but eukaryotes do have a nucleus and other organelles (vacuoles, chloroplast, etc)
Why are viruses considered nonliving?
They cannot reproduce on their own, they do not grow, and they do not have metabolism
What are the two major components of a viral particle?
Genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat called a capsid
Explain why certain viruses can only infect certain, specific types of host cells.
The capsid is shaped to fit only certain cells like a lock and key
What is a protist?
Any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or prokaryote
On the back of this sheet, make a chart listing the positive and negative contributions of Protists to ecosystems.
(next page)
What are the three types of protists? How are they grouped into these categories?
They are classified by their mode of nutrition: plant-like (autotrophic), animal-like (heterotrophic), fungus-like (decomposer)
Draw and list an example of a protist with cilia, flagella, and a pseudopod.
Cilia – tiny hair-like projections
Flagella – long tail-like projection
Pseudopod – “false feet”
Stentor
Euglena
Amoeba
6.
Make a chart listing the positive and negative contributions of bacteria to ecosystems.
Positive
Decomposition
Produce oxygen through photosynthesis
Nitrogen fixation
Food products such as yogurt, cheese, saurkraut
Live inside the digestive tract of mammals
Clean sewage and oil spills
Negative
Pathogenic
13. Make a chart listing the positive and negative contributions of protists to ecosystems.
Positive
Produce oxygen through photosynthesis
Phytoplankton are the basis of the aquatic food chain
Diatoms used in road paint and toothpaste
Algae used in conditioner, ice cream, sushi, deodorant
Negative
Pathogenic – malaria
Dinoflagellates cause red tide
Fungus-like protists caused the Great Potato Famine