Download Taxonomy


Kingdom Monera
1. Archaebacteria v.
Eubacteria
2. Characteristics
a. prokaryotic cells
b. unicellular
c. autotrophic or
heterotrophic
d. asexual
reproduction

Kingdom Protista
1. Characteristics
a. eukaryotic cells
b. mostly unicellular
c. heterotrophic or
autotrophic
d. asexual
reproduction

Kingdom Fungi
1. Characteristics
a. eukaryotic cells
b. unicellular or
multicellular
c. heterotrophic
*external
digestion
d. mostly asexual
reproduction

Kingdom Plantae
1. Characteristics
a. eukaryotic
b. multicellular
c. autotrophic
d. sexual and
asexual reproduction

Kingdom Animalia
1. Characteristics
a. eukaryotic
b. multicellular
c. heterotrophic
*internal
digestion
d. sexual
reproduction
Archaebacteria

live in extreme environments such as
swamps, hydrothermal vents deep in the
ocean, acidic thermal springs in the
ground, and extremely salty water.
Eubacteria

live in most habitats

some cause diseases such as strep
throat and pneumonia

Cyanobacteria – autotrophic
Escherichia coli - heterotrophic
Viruses v. Bacteria

Bacteria- living microorganisms
› A. Some are pathogenic (cause diseases)
 Examples
 Tetanus
 Neissaria gonnorhea
 Strep throat- Streptococcus pyrogenus
 Anthrax- Bacillus anthracis
 Pneumonia
› B. Some are very useful
 Decomposing dead things
 Breakdown garbage in landfills
 E.coli

Viruses- not considered living organisms;
have to be inside a host cell to
reproduce
› A. contain DNA and RNA
› B. diseases caused by viruses
 HIV, chicken pox, Herpes, Flu (influenza)
› C. Two ways of infecting cells
 Lytic cycle
 Lysogenic cycle
Viral Treatments
 For viral infections, you treat the symptoms
 Use vaccines and antiviral drugs for severe
infections.
Avian Flu Virus
Symptoms

Symptoms in humans
› Fever, cough, sore throat
› Eye infections
› Pneumonia
› Severe respiratory diseases
Vaccines
Began testing vaccinations in April, 2005
 Vaccinations must prove to be safe and
effective
 Vaccinations are hard to create

› Virus mutates quickly
Protists

3 types of protists
› 1. Algae- plantlike protists
 All are autotrophic
 Photosynthetic algae produce a great deal of the
Earth’s atmospheric oxygen
 Can be unicellular or multicellular
› 2. Protozoa- animal-like protists
 Single celled
 Ex) zooplankton
› 3. Fungus-like protists
 Ex) slime molds, water molds
Fungi






Mostly multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
Cell walls are made of chitin- complex
carbohydrate
Structural units of fungus are hyphae
Play a major role in decomposing organic
material and recycling Earth’s nutrients
Can cause spoiled food, diseases, and
poisonous mushrooms
Human pathogens- toenail fungus, Athlete’s
foot, ringworm
Toenail
Fungus
Athlete’s Foot
Ringworm
Protists and Fungi objectives
1. What are some characteristics of kingdom Protista? 507
2. How do protozoa reproduce? What types of environments
do they inhabit? 507
3. Describe Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and giardiasis. For
each, list symptoms, what protozoa causes them, and
which animals carry them. 516
4. In what ways do algae differ from protozoa? 525
5. How are algae similar to plants? How are they different?
525
6. How are euglenoids similar to both plants and animals? 533
7. How do fungi obtain nutrients? 543
8. Why does a fungus that reproduces both sexually and
asexually have an advantage over an organism that just
reproduces asexually? 544-545
Objective 4.03

Sickle Cell Anemia
1. results in defective
form of hemoglobin
2. suffer damage to
the brain, heart
3. 1 out of every 500
African Americans
has sickle cell
anemia

Lung/Mouth Cancer and tobacco use
1. nicotine
2. tars
3. Hazards of Long-Term Tobacco Use
a. cardiovascular system – most affected
b. 25% of heart attacks are associated with use
of tobacco
c. Lung Cancer
* deadliest form of cancer
* chronic bronchitis
* emphysema
d. Mouth Cancer
* chewless tobacco
Skin Cancer

CFCs

Melanin
Diabetes mellitus – due to insulin
deficiency

Type I
1. severe childhood disorder
2. treated with daily insulin injections

Type II
1. often correlates with obesity
2. can generally be controlled through
exercise and diet
Malaria

Plasmodium and Anopheles

Symptoms
1. severe chills, fever, sweating, fatigue,
severe thirst

Treatment
1. sporozoans can evolve a resistance to
antimalarial drugs
Environmental Toxins

Mercury, Lead

Sources
* Drinking water, fish, vaccines, pesticides, preserved
wood, antiperspirants, building materials

Risks
Cancer, Alzheimer’s, neurological disorders,
arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm),
decreased red/white blood cell production.
Immune Response

Antigen – any substance that the immune
system recognizes as a potential pathogen
and that provokes an immune response

T – Cells ( “helper T cell)
1. cytotoxic
a. combat the pathogen by
destroying any of the body cells that have
been infected by the pathogen
2. suppressor
a. help shut down the immune response after
the pathogen has been cleared from the
body

B – Cells
1. differentiate into plasma cells
a. produce defensive proteins and
secrete them in the blood
*antibodies

Memory Cells
1. long term protection against
reinfection by a specific pathogen

Immunity
1. person becomes resistance to a
specific pathogen