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DNA Function Vocabulary Transcription: The process of copying a gene into mRNA RNA Polymerase: An enzyme that copies DNA into mRNA mRNA: AN RNA molecule that is a copy of a gene General Transcription Factors: Other enzymes/proteins that are required for RNA Polymerase to function Transcription Activators: Proteins that bind to enhancers to stimulate transcription Transcription Repressors: Proteins that bind to enhancers to shut down transcription Enhancer: A sequence of DNA that is recognized by transcription repressors and enhancers Prokaryotic Cell: A cell that contains no internal membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic Cell: A cell containing membrane bound organelles Translation: The process of copying mRNA into a polypeptide chain Ribosome: A cyoplasmic organelle that is the center of protein synthesis tRNA: An RNA molecule that carries a corresponding amino acid Codon: A set of three nucleotides found on an mRNA molecule that codes for an amino acid Anticodon: A set of three nucleotides found on a tRNA molecule that is the compliment to three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule Amino Acid: A small organic molecule that is the monomer of a protein Peptide Bond: The covalent bond that links amino acids together Polypeptide Chain: A linear covalently linked string of amino acids Protein: A large three-dimensional organic molecule that does work in a cell