Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... resulted in two shorter forms (81 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively) with protease activity [9]. It was suggested that all three forms are physiologically important. Immunoblot analysis was used to confirm that PrtV is secreted by additional V. cholerae strains, i.e. the O1 El Tor strains A1552 and P2745 ...
... resulted in two shorter forms (81 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively) with protease activity [9]. It was suggested that all three forms are physiologically important. Immunoblot analysis was used to confirm that PrtV is secreted by additional V. cholerae strains, i.e. the O1 El Tor strains A1552 and P2745 ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... of inquiry of the 1918 grafting experiments, Spemann could conclude that the upper lip behaved differently from the other grafts in that it possessed an advanced state of determination, revealed by its self-differentiation. He furthermore suggested in 1918 that the upper lip might be the source of d ...
... of inquiry of the 1918 grafting experiments, Spemann could conclude that the upper lip behaved differently from the other grafts in that it possessed an advanced state of determination, revealed by its self-differentiation. He furthermore suggested in 1918 that the upper lip might be the source of d ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genome is an alternative strategy. However, due to the variability of Downy Mildew, these cultivars are not stably resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies ar ...
... of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genome is an alternative strategy. However, due to the variability of Downy Mildew, these cultivars are not stably resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies ar ...
Costes et al.
... generated (i.e., distribution centered on 0). Comparing the amount of correlation measured from the unscrambled image with this distribution determines whether significant colocalization exists for a predefined probability for significance. See Fig. 1S in the in the Supplementary Material Appendix f ...
... generated (i.e., distribution centered on 0). Comparing the amount of correlation measured from the unscrambled image with this distribution determines whether significant colocalization exists for a predefined probability for significance. See Fig. 1S in the in the Supplementary Material Appendix f ...
CELLS - Hudson City School District
... Sticky outer coat Helps glue it to surfaces (like sticks, rocks, human tissue) Only in prokaryotes (bacteria) ...
... Sticky outer coat Helps glue it to surfaces (like sticks, rocks, human tissue) Only in prokaryotes (bacteria) ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
Modes of anaerobic respiration catalysed by
... The bacterial class Dehalococcoidia, phylum Chloroflexi, encompasses several cultivated strains and many so far uncultivated bacteria, known from molecular detection of their 16S rRNA gene sequences in marine sediments. All cultivated representatives exclusively respire with halogenated compounds as ...
... The bacterial class Dehalococcoidia, phylum Chloroflexi, encompasses several cultivated strains and many so far uncultivated bacteria, known from molecular detection of their 16S rRNA gene sequences in marine sediments. All cultivated representatives exclusively respire with halogenated compounds as ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... processing site, with X standing for any amino acid and φ for Leu, Val, Phe, or Met) ...
... processing site, with X standing for any amino acid and φ for Leu, Val, Phe, or Met) ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... 1999). In lower plants, although a cortical actin patch is detected during the establishment of polarity in algae (Braun and Wasteneys, 1998; Alessa and Kropf, 1999), this appears very different to the numerous actin foci that have been observed here. The nature of the actin patches stimulated by th ...
... 1999). In lower plants, although a cortical actin patch is detected during the establishment of polarity in algae (Braun and Wasteneys, 1998; Alessa and Kropf, 1999), this appears very different to the numerous actin foci that have been observed here. The nature of the actin patches stimulated by th ...
Growing models of vertebrate limb development - ICB-USP
... embryo. One aspect of limb development that has perplexed several generations of researchers is the importance of growth. This might appear to be a trivial problem because growth occurs throughout the period when pattern is laid down and so, in the broadest sense, it is obviously required for develo ...
... embryo. One aspect of limb development that has perplexed several generations of researchers is the importance of growth. This might appear to be a trivial problem because growth occurs throughout the period when pattern is laid down and so, in the broadest sense, it is obviously required for develo ...
PDF
... characterize expression in the developing CV papillae (Fig. 1). At embryonic day (E) 12.5, the peripheral taste system begins to form as a thickening of epithelial cells, termed placodes (Barlow, 2000; Mistretta, 1972). Analysis of E12.5 tongues where the placode is developing demonstrated that WT1 ...
... characterize expression in the developing CV papillae (Fig. 1). At embryonic day (E) 12.5, the peripheral taste system begins to form as a thickening of epithelial cells, termed placodes (Barlow, 2000; Mistretta, 1972). Analysis of E12.5 tongues where the placode is developing demonstrated that WT1 ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in
... and enzymes involved in lipid and cell wall synthesis (DE R ISI et al. 2000). Similar to Pdr1, several hyperactive Pdr3 activators, including that encoded by the pdr3-2 allele, were identified (NOURANI et al. 1997). The Pdr5 transporter is a major plasma membrane-associated ATPase regulated by Pdr1/ ...
... and enzymes involved in lipid and cell wall synthesis (DE R ISI et al. 2000). Similar to Pdr1, several hyperactive Pdr3 activators, including that encoded by the pdr3-2 allele, were identified (NOURANI et al. 1997). The Pdr5 transporter is a major plasma membrane-associated ATPase regulated by Pdr1/ ...
EGFR/Ras Signaling Controls Drosophila Intestinal Stem
... EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling has diverse functions in regulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and survival in most animal cells [1]. Abundant studies also indicate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is a causal driver of many cancers, including breast, lung, brain, and ...
... EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling has diverse functions in regulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and survival in most animal cells [1]. Abundant studies also indicate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is a causal driver of many cancers, including breast, lung, brain, and ...
Strategies of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
... 1999; Laanbroek & Bär-Gilissen, 2002). However, these results contradicted the data reported by Batchelor et al. (1997), in which Nitrosomonas europaea cells that were starved of ammonium for 42 days exhibited a lag phase of 153 h prior to exponential nitrite production. This indicates that the rec ...
... 1999; Laanbroek & Bär-Gilissen, 2002). However, these results contradicted the data reported by Batchelor et al. (1997), in which Nitrosomonas europaea cells that were starved of ammonium for 42 days exhibited a lag phase of 153 h prior to exponential nitrite production. This indicates that the rec ...
Liposomal drug delivery systems: From concept to clinical applications
... the survival times of mice bearing L1210 leukemia [29,30], and this became a popular ‘model system’ for testing the effects of a wide variety of liposome characteristics on therapeutic outcomes. Other liposomal small molecule therapeutics were also being tested in vivo, with improvements in disease ...
... the survival times of mice bearing L1210 leukemia [29,30], and this became a popular ‘model system’ for testing the effects of a wide variety of liposome characteristics on therapeutic outcomes. Other liposomal small molecule therapeutics were also being tested in vivo, with improvements in disease ...
Modulatory effects of histamine on cat carotid body chemoreception
... incubated for 48 h at 4 ◦ C in a humidity chamber with a monoclonal antibody against histamine (1:100, Mab AHA-2, Fujiwara et al., 1997, 1999). Fujiwara et al. (1997) demonstrated that the histamine antibody used in this study is specific to histamine with an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELIS ...
... incubated for 48 h at 4 ◦ C in a humidity chamber with a monoclonal antibody against histamine (1:100, Mab AHA-2, Fujiwara et al., 1997, 1999). Fujiwara et al. (1997) demonstrated that the histamine antibody used in this study is specific to histamine with an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELIS ...
Dynamics of a=Tubulin Deacetylation in Intact Neurons
... method of Towbin et al. (1979). The nitrocellulose transfers were blocked with 4% BSA in Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 200 mM NaCl) and then probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for P-tubulin, total or-tubulin, acetylated ol-tubulin, or the middle-molecular-weight neurofil ...
... method of Towbin et al. (1979). The nitrocellulose transfers were blocked with 4% BSA in Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 200 mM NaCl) and then probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for P-tubulin, total or-tubulin, acetylated ol-tubulin, or the middle-molecular-weight neurofil ...
Research and Development
... Blackspot bruising is the blue-black tuber discoloration encountered when susceptible potatoes impact on a hard surface, and is caused by a chemical reaction initiated when tuber cells are physically damaged. This phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the crop and its value. A 2-year, BPC/DEFRA ...
... Blackspot bruising is the blue-black tuber discoloration encountered when susceptible potatoes impact on a hard surface, and is caused by a chemical reaction initiated when tuber cells are physically damaged. This phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the crop and its value. A 2-year, BPC/DEFRA ...
The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
Review Role of a novel photopigment, melanopsin, in behavioral
... are already evident at birth (P0) [23, 24], long before detectable rod/cone photosensitivity first appears on postnatal day P10 [25]. Any functional significance of such early photosensitivity in melanopsin-containing cells is currently unknown, but could reflect an adaptive advantage to circadian p ...
... are already evident at birth (P0) [23, 24], long before detectable rod/cone photosensitivity first appears on postnatal day P10 [25]. Any functional significance of such early photosensitivity in melanopsin-containing cells is currently unknown, but could reflect an adaptive advantage to circadian p ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.