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Survival in Animal Cells Requires ppGpp for Internalization and
... Analysis of SPIs in Salmonella serovar Gallinarum. In an attempt to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of serovar Gallinarum, we carried out comparative studies between serovar Gallinarum and a better-characterized serovar, serovar Typhimurium. The representative serovar Gallinarum used in this stud ...
... Analysis of SPIs in Salmonella serovar Gallinarum. In an attempt to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of serovar Gallinarum, we carried out comparative studies between serovar Gallinarum and a better-characterized serovar, serovar Typhimurium. The representative serovar Gallinarum used in this stud ...
Anatomical characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks that vary in
... and relative humidity ranged from 60–100%. Seedlings were watered to excess every other day with tap water and fertilized weekly with Hoagland’s solution with 5 mM P. Incidence of infection was greater than 71%, except in TO where it was 41% using methods previously described (Graham et al., 1991). ...
... and relative humidity ranged from 60–100%. Seedlings were watered to excess every other day with tap water and fertilized weekly with Hoagland’s solution with 5 mM P. Incidence of infection was greater than 71%, except in TO where it was 41% using methods previously described (Graham et al., 1991). ...
Micronuclei and the Cytoplasm of Growing Tetrahymena Contain a
... refer to as "transcription-related" acetylation, is postsynthetic and affects all of the inner (non-H1) histones in transcriptionally active macronuclei. This system does not appear to exist in transcriptionally inactive micronuclei (Vavra et al., 1982; Chicoine and Allis, 1986). In contrast, a seco ...
... refer to as "transcription-related" acetylation, is postsynthetic and affects all of the inner (non-H1) histones in transcriptionally active macronuclei. This system does not appear to exist in transcriptionally inactive micronuclei (Vavra et al., 1982; Chicoine and Allis, 1986). In contrast, a seco ...
Mitochondrial fusion dynamics is robust in the heart and depends on
... (IMM) fusion protein, Opa1 (17). In addition, recent studies have suggested that skeletal muscle reticular mitochondria support membrane potential propagation (19). In the heart, interference with such fusion proteins causes massive damage. Cardiac-specific ablation of Mfn1 and Mfn2 leads to mitoch ...
... (IMM) fusion protein, Opa1 (17). In addition, recent studies have suggested that skeletal muscle reticular mitochondria support membrane potential propagation (19). In the heart, interference with such fusion proteins causes massive damage. Cardiac-specific ablation of Mfn1 and Mfn2 leads to mitoch ...
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... Fig. 1. Thymus structure. (A)Structure of the thymus. The thymus is an epithelial organ surrounded by a mesenchymal capsule. It can be divided into a central medulla (m) region, which contains medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and an outer cortex (c), which contains cortical thymic epithel ...
... Fig. 1. Thymus structure. (A)Structure of the thymus. The thymus is an epithelial organ surrounded by a mesenchymal capsule. It can be divided into a central medulla (m) region, which contains medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and an outer cortex (c), which contains cortical thymic epithel ...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase
... exposed to X-ray film (Kodak X-Omat-AR; Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY). Autoradiographic results were scanned and analyzed using the UMAX 1220S scanner with a photo-mask (UMAX Corp., HsinChu, Taiwan) and the AlphaEase 3.3 Image System (Alpha Innotech, San Leandro, CA), respectively. DNA Fragmentation ...
... exposed to X-ray film (Kodak X-Omat-AR; Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY). Autoradiographic results were scanned and analyzed using the UMAX 1220S scanner with a photo-mask (UMAX Corp., HsinChu, Taiwan) and the AlphaEase 3.3 Image System (Alpha Innotech, San Leandro, CA), respectively. DNA Fragmentation ...
Role of Template Activating Factor-I as a
... Fig. 2. In vitro linker histone chaperone activity of TAF-I. (A) Purified recombinant proteins. Recombinant GST, GST–TAF-Ib, His–H1.1 proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NC ...
... Fig. 2. In vitro linker histone chaperone activity of TAF-I. (A) Purified recombinant proteins. Recombinant GST, GST–TAF-Ib, His–H1.1 proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Lane M contains molecular size markers. (B) Formation of histone H1.1NC ...
Supplementary Data - Institute of Cancer Research
... however fails to explain how the immune system distinguishes between live and dead or between beneficial and pathogenic microbes. In recent years, additional immune checkpoints have been proposed that further specify immune decision-making, such as microbial viability, virulence or proliferation 4, ...
... however fails to explain how the immune system distinguishes between live and dead or between beneficial and pathogenic microbes. In recent years, additional immune checkpoints have been proposed that further specify immune decision-making, such as microbial viability, virulence or proliferation 4, ...
aureus Staphylococcus MyD88-Dependent Responses to Are
... TLRs were reported to associate with phagosomes containing a variety of particles, suggesting a relationship between engulfment and sensing of certain microbes. To determine the role of microbial uptake in initiating the innate immune response to different pathogens, we first tested whether it was r ...
... TLRs were reported to associate with phagosomes containing a variety of particles, suggesting a relationship between engulfment and sensing of certain microbes. To determine the role of microbial uptake in initiating the innate immune response to different pathogens, we first tested whether it was r ...
Excitatory Mechanisms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Role of
... Sections were incubated in DAB (final dilution 0.05%) plus hydrogen peroxide (final dilution 0.0015%) in PB for 5–10 min. All previous steps (except serum block) were followed by rinses in PBS (3 ⫻ 5 min each). The tissue was mounted on slides, dehydrated, and cleared in alcohols and xylenes before ...
... Sections were incubated in DAB (final dilution 0.05%) plus hydrogen peroxide (final dilution 0.0015%) in PB for 5–10 min. All previous steps (except serum block) were followed by rinses in PBS (3 ⫻ 5 min each). The tissue was mounted on slides, dehydrated, and cleared in alcohols and xylenes before ...
Bostrom Slides
... Joint Diseases Connection between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
... Joint Diseases Connection between are “Crystal diseases” Vascular Calcification and Bone where synovial fibroblasts have an inflammatory response to the crystals. ...
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, and it
... This configuration imparts tremendous strength to the protein. To understand the overall structure of the collagen molecule, think of it as the reinforcement rods used in concrete construction. ...
... This configuration imparts tremendous strength to the protein. To understand the overall structure of the collagen molecule, think of it as the reinforcement rods used in concrete construction. ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated to ion conduction (Kaczmarek, 2006). Consistent with this idea, we have recently discovered that in both HEK 293 cells and hippocampal neuro ...
... high level of expression – as expected of a structural or scaffolding protein. Indeed, there is a growing list of ion channels that possess functions unrelated to ion conduction (Kaczmarek, 2006). Consistent with this idea, we have recently discovered that in both HEK 293 cells and hippocampal neuro ...
title of the thesis - UWSpace
... Modulation of cell adhesion is essential to the cell rearrangements that characterize Xenopus gastrulation. The spatial and temporal regulation of cell movement requires a highly coordinated cross-talk between cadherin and integrin adhesion receptors. While the adhesive properties and morphogenetic ...
... Modulation of cell adhesion is essential to the cell rearrangements that characterize Xenopus gastrulation. The spatial and temporal regulation of cell movement requires a highly coordinated cross-talk between cadherin and integrin adhesion receptors. While the adhesive properties and morphogenetic ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI VacA, A PARADIGM FOR TOXIN
... (the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide)8–11. Soon after the discovery of H. pylori it was reported that a protein in H. pylori broth culture filtrates could cause the formation of large intracellular VACUOLES in cultured mammalian cells14 (FIG. 2a). The H. pylori protein res ...
... (the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide)8–11. Soon after the discovery of H. pylori it was reported that a protein in H. pylori broth culture filtrates could cause the formation of large intracellular VACUOLES in cultured mammalian cells14 (FIG. 2a). The H. pylori protein res ...
Guanylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum with the topology of
... bacteria. Starvation induces a developmental programme leading to cell aggregation and the formation of a fruiting body, which is composed of a stalk with a spore head. Chemotaxis plays a pivotal role during both growth and development. Growing cells utilize metabolites secreted by bacteria, such as ...
... bacteria. Starvation induces a developmental programme leading to cell aggregation and the formation of a fruiting body, which is composed of a stalk with a spore head. Chemotaxis plays a pivotal role during both growth and development. Growing cells utilize metabolites secreted by bacteria, such as ...
The role of yolk syncytial layer and blastoderm movements during
... the zebrafish (Danio rerio), have been used since the late 1800s for biological studies. More recently, the zebrafish embryo has come into focus to answer developmental and physiological questions. This was initiated mainly by George Streisinger and colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebr ...
... the zebrafish (Danio rerio), have been used since the late 1800s for biological studies. More recently, the zebrafish embryo has come into focus to answer developmental and physiological questions. This was initiated mainly by George Streisinger and colleagues, who began genetic analysis in the zebr ...
Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Controlled by the
... above each gene example indicates the genomic scale in kilobases (kb). Black boxes in the gene map represent exons, and arrows indicate the location and direction of the transcriptional start site. Arrowheads denote regions bound by TAL1. (B) Pairwise comparison of the TAL1-bound regions found in T- ...
... above each gene example indicates the genomic scale in kilobases (kb). Black boxes in the gene map represent exons, and arrows indicate the location and direction of the transcriptional start site. Arrowheads denote regions bound by TAL1. (B) Pairwise comparison of the TAL1-bound regions found in T- ...
Can muscle regeneration fail in chronic inflammation: a weakness in
... The most often advocated mechanism of muscle weakness in myositis is an immune-mediated loss of muscle fibres through a myocytotoxic effect of infiltrating inflammatory cells [6]. Muscle tissue in polymyositis, dermatomyositis and IBM is typically characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells; ...
... The most often advocated mechanism of muscle weakness in myositis is an immune-mediated loss of muscle fibres through a myocytotoxic effect of infiltrating inflammatory cells [6]. Muscle tissue in polymyositis, dermatomyositis and IBM is typically characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells; ...
Localization of retinitis pigmentosa 2 to cilia is regulated by Importin 2
... cilium or centrosome. The gene encoding the retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. RP2 localizes to the ciliary base and this requires the dual acylation of the N-terminus, but the precise mechanism by which RP2 is trafficked to the cilia is unknown. Here w ...
... cilium or centrosome. The gene encoding the retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. RP2 localizes to the ciliary base and this requires the dual acylation of the N-terminus, but the precise mechanism by which RP2 is trafficked to the cilia is unknown. Here w ...
Spiralian Development: A Perspective Seventy
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
Full-Text PDF
... In plant annexins the Ca2+ -binding motif is highly conserved in repeat I, generally lost in repeats II and III, and only moderately conserved in repeat IV [3,13]. For example, Arabidopsis ANNAT1 and ANNAT2 have conserved Ca2+ -binding motifs in repeats I and IV but not in repeats II and III, while ...
... In plant annexins the Ca2+ -binding motif is highly conserved in repeat I, generally lost in repeats II and III, and only moderately conserved in repeat IV [3,13]. For example, Arabidopsis ANNAT1 and ANNAT2 have conserved Ca2+ -binding motifs in repeats I and IV but not in repeats II and III, while ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... conditions of intact vs. blocked lysosomal degradation, also indicate efficient basal autophagy in mouse pancreatic acinar cells (Jia et al., unpublished observations). One could speculate that because the exocrine pancreas has a very high rate of protein synthesis, it might have a greater need to r ...
... conditions of intact vs. blocked lysosomal degradation, also indicate efficient basal autophagy in mouse pancreatic acinar cells (Jia et al., unpublished observations). One could speculate that because the exocrine pancreas has a very high rate of protein synthesis, it might have a greater need to r ...
Cell encapsulation
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_capsule_schematic.png?width=300)
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.