Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... Community – This class is a community. We all have the same objective: to learn. Learning happens more fully when you have to explain the new things you learn with others, when you discuss the new content with others. To make that happen, be sure to engage with your fellow students and bring with yo ...
... Community – This class is a community. We all have the same objective: to learn. Learning happens more fully when you have to explain the new things you learn with others, when you discuss the new content with others. To make that happen, be sure to engage with your fellow students and bring with yo ...
An analysis of young ocean depth, gravity and global residual
... constant, so the first observational studies of this problem in the Pacific Ocean (Sclater et al. 1971; Davis & Lister 1974) observed a half-space subsidence trend, in which subsidence is proportional to the square root of age and the basal boundary condition is not apparent. However, as age constra ...
... constant, so the first observational studies of this problem in the Pacific Ocean (Sclater et al. 1971; Davis & Lister 1974) observed a half-space subsidence trend, in which subsidence is proportional to the square root of age and the basal boundary condition is not apparent. However, as age constra ...
review—coral reefs - Ecosystem
... Significant biomineralization occurs under four key conditions of progressively greater organismic control: 1) enclosure by tissues (or within cells) of a volume of water in which ion concentrations can be elevated, 2) specific organic molecules to provide crystal initiation sites, 3) active transpo ...
... Significant biomineralization occurs under four key conditions of progressively greater organismic control: 1) enclosure by tissues (or within cells) of a volume of water in which ion concentrations can be elevated, 2) specific organic molecules to provide crystal initiation sites, 3) active transpo ...
Simulation of the mantle and crustal helium isotope
... investigating the deep ocean circulation and for evaluating ocean general circulation models, because helium is a stable and conservative nuclide that does not take part in any chemical or biological process. Helium in the ocean originates from three different sources, namely, (i) gas dissolution in ...
... investigating the deep ocean circulation and for evaluating ocean general circulation models, because helium is a stable and conservative nuclide that does not take part in any chemical or biological process. Helium in the ocean originates from three different sources, namely, (i) gas dissolution in ...
exhanges.naobook
... patterns, as some of the earliest descriptions of it were from seafaring Scandinavians several centuries ago. Indeed, the history of scientific research on the NAO is rich, and Stephenson et al. (2002) present a stimulating account of the major scientific landmarks of NAO research through time. They ...
... patterns, as some of the earliest descriptions of it were from seafaring Scandinavians several centuries ago. Indeed, the history of scientific research on the NAO is rich, and Stephenson et al. (2002) present a stimulating account of the major scientific landmarks of NAO research through time. They ...
Eastern Caribbean Regional Ocean Policy
... policy document is appended to the report (Appendix 1); a draft three-year action plan is also attached as Appendix 2. The policy elements and goals of the Eastern Caribbean Regional Ocean Policy (ECROP) and Action Plan (AP) are: ...
... policy document is appended to the report (Appendix 1); a draft three-year action plan is also attached as Appendix 2. The policy elements and goals of the Eastern Caribbean Regional Ocean Policy (ECROP) and Action Plan (AP) are: ...
THE OFFICIAl MAGAzINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
... Riley and Tongudai (1967) also showed that the values of Ca2+ in deep waters are higher than surface waters. The results of Dittmar (1884) were recalculated by Lyman and Fleming (1940) using more modern atomic weights. Table 1 compares the estimate of SA from various composition studies of the major ...
... Riley and Tongudai (1967) also showed that the values of Ca2+ in deep waters are higher than surface waters. The results of Dittmar (1884) were recalculated by Lyman and Fleming (1940) using more modern atomic weights. Table 1 compares the estimate of SA from various composition studies of the major ...
Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary sediments: reservoir
... It is now well known that radiocarbon dating of marine shell samples or marine mammal residue is skewed by the reservoir effect of the oceans. As a result, in most regions marine samples yield radiocarbon ages substantially older than those yielded by terrestrial samples. The 14C ages of marine foss ...
... It is now well known that radiocarbon dating of marine shell samples or marine mammal residue is skewed by the reservoir effect of the oceans. As a result, in most regions marine samples yield radiocarbon ages substantially older than those yielded by terrestrial samples. The 14C ages of marine foss ...
Review: geological and experimental evidence for
... sediment-producers throughout Earth history. The observation that primary production increased along with calcification within the bryopsidalean and coccolithophorid algae in mineralogically favorable seawater is consistent with the hypothesis that calcification promotes photosynthesis within some s ...
... sediment-producers throughout Earth history. The observation that primary production increased along with calcification within the bryopsidalean and coccolithophorid algae in mineralogically favorable seawater is consistent with the hypothesis that calcification promotes photosynthesis within some s ...
Alternative global Cretaceous paleogeography
... (southern hemisphere beech) may have originated in Antarctica during the Late Cretaceous (Dettman, 1989), dispersing by terrestrial connections to South America, and Australia. Askin (1989) noted that extant species of Nothofagus are incapable of crossing all but the narrowest water gaps. Taken toge ...
... (southern hemisphere beech) may have originated in Antarctica during the Late Cretaceous (Dettman, 1989), dispersing by terrestrial connections to South America, and Australia. Askin (1989) noted that extant species of Nothofagus are incapable of crossing all but the narrowest water gaps. Taken toge ...
Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Ocean Management Plan
... process. The collaborative planning model for the Plan, which is described in more detail later, provides opportunities for meaningful participation and input by all stakeholders, including government, industry sectors, community and Aboriginal organizations, conservation interests, the research com ...
... process. The collaborative planning model for the Plan, which is described in more detail later, provides opportunities for meaningful participation and input by all stakeholders, including government, industry sectors, community and Aboriginal organizations, conservation interests, the research com ...
Patterns of life on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
... the vesicomyd clam Abyssogena southwardae, and the alvinocarid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (German et al., 2011) are dominant in both habitats. A. southwardae inhabits both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the Atlantic, including those on the eastern and western continental margins and in the mid ...
... the vesicomyd clam Abyssogena southwardae, and the alvinocarid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (German et al., 2011) are dominant in both habitats. A. southwardae inhabits both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the Atlantic, including those on the eastern and western continental margins and in the mid ...
... must sink from the water column in more productive areas to offset the relatively high influx of nitrate-N to maintain the near steady state in algal biomass which exists at annual scales in oceanic environments. In lakes, the export ratio appears to decrease slightly as a function of primary produc ...
Ecosystem effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal
... overlying seawater and the carbonate skeleton; much of the surface carbonate exposure is thereby protected as long as live corals are present. In contrast, the oyster places the calcium carbonate between the overlying water and its tissue. As a consequence, the oyster shell is exposed during life to ...
... overlying seawater and the carbonate skeleton; much of the surface carbonate exposure is thereby protected as long as live corals are present. In contrast, the oyster places the calcium carbonate between the overlying water and its tissue. As a consequence, the oyster shell is exposed during life to ...
Land-Based Pollution in the Arctic Ocean
... amplify impacts on human and ecosystem health and wellbeing. For example, the combined impact of contaminants, ozone depletion, and climatic warming may be greater than the sum of its parts. However, there is still much to learn about this complex ecosystem. The 2004 ACIA report concentrated on the ...
... amplify impacts on human and ecosystem health and wellbeing. For example, the combined impact of contaminants, ozone depletion, and climatic warming may be greater than the sum of its parts. However, there is still much to learn about this complex ecosystem. The 2004 ACIA report concentrated on the ...
magnitude - Ministry of Earth Sciences
... various parts of the country throughout the year. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has described 2015 as one of the warmest years on record with strong El-Nino. Performance of the South-West Monsoon was below normal, ending up with significant rainfall deficit of -14%, while North-East Monsoo ...
... various parts of the country throughout the year. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has described 2015 as one of the warmest years on record with strong El-Nino. Performance of the South-West Monsoon was below normal, ending up with significant rainfall deficit of -14%, while North-East Monsoo ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... sometimes cumbersome, often indirect, intergovernmental process is effective for our core mission. At such times it helps to remind oneself that we are all, IOC, UNESCO and all our partners too, engaged in contributing to the same vision - making our blue planet a safer, more sustainable space with ...
... sometimes cumbersome, often indirect, intergovernmental process is effective for our core mission. At such times it helps to remind oneself that we are all, IOC, UNESCO and all our partners too, engaged in contributing to the same vision - making our blue planet a safer, more sustainable space with ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... sometimes cumbersome, often indirect, intergovernmental process is effective for our core mission. At such times it helps to remind oneself that we are all, IOC, UNESCO and all our partners too, engaged in contributing to the same vision - making our blue planet a safer, more sustainable space with ...
... sometimes cumbersome, often indirect, intergovernmental process is effective for our core mission. At such times it helps to remind oneself that we are all, IOC, UNESCO and all our partners too, engaged in contributing to the same vision - making our blue planet a safer, more sustainable space with ...
Investigating Large Igneous Province Formation and
... question in understanding LIP formation is the extent to which melting anomalies reflect excess fertility in the mantle rather than excess mantle temperature. This issue lies at the heart of the current mantle plume debate. Mantle temperature can be addressed through the majorelement composition of ...
... question in understanding LIP formation is the extent to which melting anomalies reflect excess fertility in the mantle rather than excess mantle temperature. This issue lies at the heart of the current mantle plume debate. Mantle temperature can be addressed through the majorelement composition of ...
Resource Supply Overrides Temperature as a Controlling Factor of
... The universal temperature dependence of metabolic rates has been used to predict how ocean biology will respond to ocean warming. Determining the temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton metabolism and growth is of special importance because this group of organisms is responsible for nearly half of ...
... The universal temperature dependence of metabolic rates has been used to predict how ocean biology will respond to ocean warming. Determining the temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton metabolism and growth is of special importance because this group of organisms is responsible for nearly half of ...
Early ice retreat and ocean warming may induce copepod
... Abstract Early ice retreat and ocean warming are changing various facets of the Arctic marine ecosystem, including the biogeographic distribution of marine organisms. Here an endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, was used as a model organism, to understand how and why Arctic marine environment ...
... Abstract Early ice retreat and ocean warming are changing various facets of the Arctic marine ecosystem, including the biogeographic distribution of marine organisms. Here an endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, was used as a model organism, to understand how and why Arctic marine environment ...
Durham Research Online
... • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy f ...
... • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy f ...
Guide to satellite remote sensing of the marine environment
... In 1964, 150 oceanographers gathered at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute to attend a symposium called 'Oceanography from Space'. The title had an incongruousring to it. It was but a few years since the launch of Sputnik and a community reared in the traditional methods of studying the sea from ...
... In 1964, 150 oceanographers gathered at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute to attend a symposium called 'Oceanography from Space'. The title had an incongruousring to it. It was but a few years since the launch of Sputnik and a community reared in the traditional methods of studying the sea from ...
The World in Wax - Bodenschatz group
... tervening 20 years, the composition of the wax had changed. Shell sent Bodenschatz a new, synthetic – in other words, oil-wellindependent – wax sample that was similar to the wax from the 1970s. Right away, the experiment worked. When the wax drifted apart, transform faults formed – just like they a ...
... tervening 20 years, the composition of the wax had changed. Shell sent Bodenschatz a new, synthetic – in other words, oil-wellindependent – wax sample that was similar to the wax from the 1970s. Right away, the experiment worked. When the wax drifted apart, transform faults formed – just like they a ...
Iodine Isotopes and their Species in Surface Water from the
... human daily diet have evoked enormous attentions to this element. In addition, recent studies on atmospheric chemistry showed that iodine plays a significant role in the depletion of ozone and in aerosol particles for cloud nucleation, which in turn have a direct impact on global climate change (Sol ...
... human daily diet have evoked enormous attentions to this element. In addition, recent studies on atmospheric chemistry showed that iodine plays a significant role in the depletion of ozone and in aerosol particles for cloud nucleation, which in turn have a direct impact on global climate change (Sol ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.