Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Seawater
... Marine organic matter in seawater is one of the most active carbon reservoirs on the earth surface and plays an important role in earth’s climate system. Marine organic matter is also a key component in the exchange among the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere (Hedges, 1992). Therefore, knowledge ...
... Marine organic matter in seawater is one of the most active carbon reservoirs on the earth surface and plays an important role in earth’s climate system. Marine organic matter is also a key component in the exchange among the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere (Hedges, 1992). Therefore, knowledge ...
Geosphere - Squarespace
... sufficient to support Cretaceous greenhouse conditions, but the lower estimates are clearly insufficient. Until Cretaceous seafloor production rates can be better refined, additional sources of CO2 should be explored. A second possibility is to include the contribution from LIPs. However, given the ...
... sufficient to support Cretaceous greenhouse conditions, but the lower estimates are clearly insufficient. Until Cretaceous seafloor production rates can be better refined, additional sources of CO2 should be explored. A second possibility is to include the contribution from LIPs. However, given the ...
pdf
... biodiversity, and modelling future distributions. In the context of increasing human pressure, it appears a key resource for supporting conservation and sustainable management strategies and designing marine protected areas. The Southern Ocean (SO) (Map 1), was the last discovered on Earth and some ...
... biodiversity, and modelling future distributions. In the context of increasing human pressure, it appears a key resource for supporting conservation and sustainable management strategies and designing marine protected areas. The Southern Ocean (SO) (Map 1), was the last discovered on Earth and some ...
The Effects of Three Species of Macroalgae on Acropora Aspera
... competing with mixed turf algae. It is suggested that this was due to the stress imposed on the coral by the nearby competing algae. A loss of tissue may make it difficult for corals to meet their energy requirements to stay healthy, which forces the coral to spend more energy on maintenance. Reduci ...
... competing with mixed turf algae. It is suggested that this was due to the stress imposed on the coral by the nearby competing algae. A loss of tissue may make it difficult for corals to meet their energy requirements to stay healthy, which forces the coral to spend more energy on maintenance. Reduci ...
protection for the east antarctic coastal region
... Eastern Antarctic Ice Sheet from Enderby Land to Terre Adélie – from 30°E to 150ºE and from the coast out to 60ºS – and is contained within the Eastern Antarctic planning domain adopted at CCAMLR in 2011. The western boundary extends to the eastern margins of the Weddell Gyre and encompasses most of ...
... Eastern Antarctic Ice Sheet from Enderby Land to Terre Adélie – from 30°E to 150ºE and from the coast out to 60ºS – and is contained within the Eastern Antarctic planning domain adopted at CCAMLR in 2011. The western boundary extends to the eastern margins of the Weddell Gyre and encompasses most of ...
Mission Moho Workshop: Drilling Through the Oceanic Crust to the
... The direct route to the Moho: There was a clear workshop consensus that the first priority for a Mission Moho should be a deep, full crustal penetration hole through the Moho and into the uppermost mantle at a single site and that the first full-penetration hole should be in fast-spread ocean crust. ...
... The direct route to the Moho: There was a clear workshop consensus that the first priority for a Mission Moho should be a deep, full crustal penetration hole through the Moho and into the uppermost mantle at a single site and that the first full-penetration hole should be in fast-spread ocean crust. ...
Continental arc–island arc fluctuations, growth of crustal carbonates
... sufficient to support Cretaceous greenhouse conditions, but the lower estimates are clearly insufficient. Until Cretaceous seafloor production rates can be better refined, additional sources of CO2 should be explored. A second possibility is to include the contribution from LIPs. However, given the ...
... sufficient to support Cretaceous greenhouse conditions, but the lower estimates are clearly insufficient. Until Cretaceous seafloor production rates can be better refined, additional sources of CO2 should be explored. A second possibility is to include the contribution from LIPs. However, given the ...
Scientific Ocean Drilling of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ridge
... c. the in situ stresses within spreading centers and resulting strains including diking, faulting, fracturing, and porosity variations, and their manifestations in faulting, seismicity, and hydrothermal fluid flow; and d. the permeability and porosity of mid-ocean ridge crust; The technological diff ...
... c. the in situ stresses within spreading centers and resulting strains including diking, faulting, fracturing, and porosity variations, and their manifestations in faulting, seismicity, and hydrothermal fluid flow; and d. the permeability and porosity of mid-ocean ridge crust; The technological diff ...
Olivier MARCHAL
... P37 Marchal O., Waelbroeck C., and Colin de Verdière A., On the movements of the North Atlantic Subpolar Front in the Pre-Instrumental Past, Journal of Climate, in press P36 Amrhein D.∗ , Gebbie G., Marchal O., and Wunsch C., Inferring surface water equilibrium calcite δ 18 O during the last deglac ...
... P37 Marchal O., Waelbroeck C., and Colin de Verdière A., On the movements of the North Atlantic Subpolar Front in the Pre-Instrumental Past, Journal of Climate, in press P36 Amrhein D.∗ , Gebbie G., Marchal O., and Wunsch C., Inferring surface water equilibrium calcite δ 18 O during the last deglac ...
Document
... the silica concentrations of the seas are determined by reaction with clay minerals from the continents. They exposed such material to seawater that was either low in silica or abnormally enriched. In both cases, the concentration in solution tended toward the range of values actually observed in th ...
... the silica concentrations of the seas are determined by reaction with clay minerals from the continents. They exposed such material to seawater that was either low in silica or abnormally enriched. In both cases, the concentration in solution tended toward the range of values actually observed in th ...
Phosphorus Cycling in the Sargasso Sea: Investigation Using the
... turnover time estimates and percent of cells expressing alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity as measured by enzyme-labeling fluorescence are also used. In surface waters, d18OPO4 values were lower than equilibrium by 3–6%, indicative of dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) remineralization by extracellu ...
... turnover time estimates and percent of cells expressing alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity as measured by enzyme-labeling fluorescence are also used. In surface waters, d18OPO4 values were lower than equilibrium by 3–6%, indicative of dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) remineralization by extracellu ...
Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and
... An increase in greenhouse gas emissions enhances global atmospheric temperatures, which influence the Earth’s pressure gradient and thus wind speed. In addition, 90% of the heat accumulation is in the ocean (IPCC, 2014), causing changes to ocean stratification and circulation. It is important to under ...
... An increase in greenhouse gas emissions enhances global atmospheric temperatures, which influence the Earth’s pressure gradient and thus wind speed. In addition, 90% of the heat accumulation is in the ocean (IPCC, 2014), causing changes to ocean stratification and circulation. It is important to under ...
Plate Tectonics: Evolution of the Ocean Floor
... understood. However, we do know that upwelling material has been heated by the Earth’s core and radioactive decay within the mantle itself. As a result, it is slightly less dense than the material through which it rises. The upper mantle loses some of its heat by conduction outward through the Earth ...
... understood. However, we do know that upwelling material has been heated by the Earth’s core and radioactive decay within the mantle itself. As a result, it is slightly less dense than the material through which it rises. The upper mantle loses some of its heat by conduction outward through the Earth ...
Ocean Process Tracers: Nitrogen Isotopes in the Ocean (MS 632
... In this overview, we outline the isotope systematics of N cycle processes and their impacts on the isotopic composition of the major N reservoirs in the ocean. This information provides a starting point for considering the wide range of questions in ocean sciences to which the N isotopes can be appl ...
... In this overview, we outline the isotope systematics of N cycle processes and their impacts on the isotopic composition of the major N reservoirs in the ocean. This information provides a starting point for considering the wide range of questions in ocean sciences to which the N isotopes can be appl ...
LESSON PLANS - hiddencorner.us
... 2. WRITE THE AIM: What is known about the early ocean explorers and navigators? Students should complete their review of pages 7–10. Then students should write as much information as possible in their notebooks about their group’s assigned explorer. When they are ready, have the team leaders go up t ...
... 2. WRITE THE AIM: What is known about the early ocean explorers and navigators? Students should complete their review of pages 7–10. Then students should write as much information as possible in their notebooks about their group’s assigned explorer. When they are ready, have the team leaders go up t ...
C085.08 Report Definitief Biodiversity of the High Seas
... Wageningen IMARES provides strategic and applied ecological investigation related to ecological and economic developments. ...
... Wageningen IMARES provides strategic and applied ecological investigation related to ecological and economic developments. ...
Mantle plumes persevere
... that these geochemical variations also could have been caused by small-scale mantle convection causing a variation in plate thickness beneath this hotspot 23 and thus creating different melting regimes in the shallow upper mantle. It is entirely plausible that both processes are at play during the f ...
... that these geochemical variations also could have been caused by small-scale mantle convection causing a variation in plate thickness beneath this hotspot 23 and thus creating different melting regimes in the shallow upper mantle. It is entirely plausible that both processes are at play during the f ...
Mise en page 1 - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... Committee, the statutory body in charge of the protection of the 936 properties on the World Heritage List, has recognized that the List does not yet fully represent all types of cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a ...
... Committee, the statutory body in charge of the protection of the 936 properties on the World Heritage List, has recognized that the List does not yet fully represent all types of cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a ...
Issues in International Conservation
... these temperatures were between 0.7 and 0.9° C above normal (denoted in Fig. 1 by blue); however, in many of these cases, in situ measurements showed that water temperatures were in fact warmer than those observed from satellite data (for example in the Andaman Islands, Ravindran et al. 1999). There ...
... these temperatures were between 0.7 and 0.9° C above normal (denoted in Fig. 1 by blue); however, in many of these cases, in situ measurements showed that water temperatures were in fact warmer than those observed from satellite data (for example in the Andaman Islands, Ravindran et al. 1999). There ...
Assessing marine world heritage from an ecosystem
... Committee, the statutory body in charge of the protection of the 936 properties on the World Heritage List, has recognized that the List does not yet fully represent all types of cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a ...
... Committee, the statutory body in charge of the protection of the 936 properties on the World Heritage List, has recognized that the List does not yet fully represent all types of cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a ...
Deep-Sea Life
... Hopefully many of us will see each other shortly at the 14th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium (31st August to 4th September) in the beautiful town of Aveiro in Portugal. There promises to be a rich programme of talks and posters covering a range of topics including biodiversity and ecosystem function, tax ...
... Hopefully many of us will see each other shortly at the 14th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium (31st August to 4th September) in the beautiful town of Aveiro in Portugal. There promises to be a rich programme of talks and posters covering a range of topics including biodiversity and ecosystem function, tax ...
MS-640 - senna.indd - Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia
... ly are collected by midwater trawls or baited traps (Bousfield, 1982; Barnard and Karaman, 1991). Stoddart and Lowry (2004) comment that the Eurytheneidae appear to be the sister taxon to the Hirondellea-group, in the most basal clade within the Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849, also with Opisidae Lowry an ...
... ly are collected by midwater trawls or baited traps (Bousfield, 1982; Barnard and Karaman, 1991). Stoddart and Lowry (2004) comment that the Eurytheneidae appear to be the sister taxon to the Hirondellea-group, in the most basal clade within the Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849, also with Opisidae Lowry an ...
The Mean Age of Ocean Waters Inferred from Radiocarbon
... times, any one scalar cannot convey all transport information, but the mean age represents the centered first moment of the distribution, a natural quantity on which to focus. Previous measures of the time scale of circulation, such as replacement times (Stuiver et al. 1983; Primeau and Holzer 2006; ...
... times, any one scalar cannot convey all transport information, but the mean age represents the centered first moment of the distribution, a natural quantity on which to focus. Previous measures of the time scale of circulation, such as replacement times (Stuiver et al. 1983; Primeau and Holzer 2006; ...
the first us integrated ocean observing system (ioos) development plan
... The IOOS is part of the U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS), the U.S. contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and a contribution to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).4 GOOS, an initiative of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, is being d ...
... The IOOS is part of the U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS), the U.S. contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and a contribution to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).4 GOOS, an initiative of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, is being d ...
Nutrient gradients in the western North Atlantic Ocean
... (HOT) site]. Two prominent differences are readily observed from this comparison. The [N+N] : [SRP] molar ratios are much less than 16 : 1 during stratified periods in surface waters at the BATS site, as is the case at the HOT site year round. However, following deep winter mixing, this ratio is much ...
... (HOT) site]. Two prominent differences are readily observed from this comparison. The [N+N] : [SRP] molar ratios are much less than 16 : 1 during stratified periods in surface waters at the BATS site, as is the case at the HOT site year round. However, following deep winter mixing, this ratio is much ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.