Global Cycle Analysis of N2O Using Isotopomers Sakae TOYODA
... tropospheric concentration in 2010 is about 322 ppb, which is lower than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) by three orders of magnitude. However, it has about 300 times greater global warming potential than CO2 over a 100-year time scale, and is increasing at the rate of about 0.7 ppb yr-1. Sources of N2 ...
... tropospheric concentration in 2010 is about 322 ppb, which is lower than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) by three orders of magnitude. However, it has about 300 times greater global warming potential than CO2 over a 100-year time scale, and is increasing at the rate of about 0.7 ppb yr-1. Sources of N2 ...
A.B. Roy - Indian Geophysical Union
... Editor’s note: As pointed out in the Editorial, this article reflects the opinion of the author. However, we must point out that though shear waves cannot travel through liquids, compressional (P) waves do. In fact, P waves, which are also generated during an earthquake process, arrive first at any ...
... Editor’s note: As pointed out in the Editorial, this article reflects the opinion of the author. However, we must point out that though shear waves cannot travel through liquids, compressional (P) waves do. In fact, P waves, which are also generated during an earthquake process, arrive first at any ...
illuminating earth`s
... Drilling is an essential tool for unraveling and understanding the geologic, geochemical, magmatic, and hydrological processes responsible for development and evolution of these solid Earth systems. Earth in Motion addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading ...
... Drilling is an essential tool for unraveling and understanding the geologic, geochemical, magmatic, and hydrological processes responsible for development and evolution of these solid Earth systems. Earth in Motion addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading ...
Illuminating Earth`s Past, Present and Future
... Drilling is an essential tool for unraveling and understanding the geologic, geochemical, magmatic, and hydrological processes responsible for development and evolution of these solid Earth systems. Earth in Motion addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading ...
... Drilling is an essential tool for unraveling and understanding the geologic, geochemical, magmatic, and hydrological processes responsible for development and evolution of these solid Earth systems. Earth in Motion addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading ...
5th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean
... George Mellor Princeton University, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Contact: [email protected] ...
... George Mellor Princeton University, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Contact: [email protected] ...
BASIN PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OUTLINE
... space and time variation of (i) biogeochemical processes determining productivity and carbon fluxes, (ii) broadly distributed and dominant members of the North Atlantic plankton and fish communities, and (iii) feedbacks between and within these components and climate. Analyses at ocean-basin scales ...
... space and time variation of (i) biogeochemical processes determining productivity and carbon fluxes, (ii) broadly distributed and dominant members of the North Atlantic plankton and fish communities, and (iii) feedbacks between and within these components and climate. Analyses at ocean-basin scales ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
UNH M OS Res 2013
... with a team of colleagues using buoy and cruise data to understand the patterns of how the level of carbon dioxide in the ocean is contributing to ocean acidity and the changing climate. After gathering enough data year after year to provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consist ...
... with a team of colleagues using buoy and cruise data to understand the patterns of how the level of carbon dioxide in the ocean is contributing to ocean acidity and the changing climate. After gathering enough data year after year to provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consist ...
Food-web mediated export of biogenic carbon in oceans
... ABSTRACT: This paper describes an approach to determine, using a small number of food-web or hydrodynamic variables, the partitioning of phytoplankton production among 3 carbon fluxes, i.e. remineralization within the euphotic zone, food-web transfer, and sinking to depth of organic particles. In or ...
... ABSTRACT: This paper describes an approach to determine, using a small number of food-web or hydrodynamic variables, the partitioning of phytoplankton production among 3 carbon fluxes, i.e. remineralization within the euphotic zone, food-web transfer, and sinking to depth of organic particles. In or ...
Opportunities for Low-Cost CO2 Mitigation in Electricity, Oil, and
... Because the global abundance of water (i.e., seawater) and carbonate is orders of magnitude larger than the global reservoir of fossil fuels [1], all anthropogenic emissions of CO2 could in theory be mitigated by reaction 1. Indeed, over geologic time scales significant, natural increases in atmosph ...
... Because the global abundance of water (i.e., seawater) and carbonate is orders of magnitude larger than the global reservoir of fossil fuels [1], all anthropogenic emissions of CO2 could in theory be mitigated by reaction 1. Indeed, over geologic time scales significant, natural increases in atmosph ...
Western Indian Ocean
... extends beyond Madagascar to include many Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This expanse of water encompasses a diverse range of ecologically and nutritionally rich ecosystems such as hydothermal vents and seamounts, with depths of up to 7,000 metres. Thirty-five Ecologically or Biologically Si ...
... extends beyond Madagascar to include many Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This expanse of water encompasses a diverse range of ecologically and nutritionally rich ecosystems such as hydothermal vents and seamounts, with depths of up to 7,000 metres. Thirty-five Ecologically or Biologically Si ...
Research on the attenuation characteristics of some inorganic salts
... The above phenomenona may be influenced by the following factors: the solutions used in this experiment were mostly ionic. When the concentration of the solution was diluted slowly from the high concentration, the charged body of the solution per unit volume decreased, and the effect of the laser en ...
... The above phenomenona may be influenced by the following factors: the solutions used in this experiment were mostly ionic. When the concentration of the solution was diluted slowly from the high concentration, the charged body of the solution per unit volume decreased, and the effect of the laser en ...
Deep-Sea Research II - Max-Planck
... central tropical Pacific (Fig. 2). Although seawater pH is expected to decrease globally (and pCO2 to increase), the rate of this change is predicted to be greater in high latitudes, and lower in tropical and subtropical waters (Fig. 1). The degree of change is also dependent on future anthropogenic ...
... central tropical Pacific (Fig. 2). Although seawater pH is expected to decrease globally (and pCO2 to increase), the rate of this change is predicted to be greater in high latitudes, and lower in tropical and subtropical waters (Fig. 1). The degree of change is also dependent on future anthropogenic ...
CHAPTER 22. BIOGENIC AND TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTATION
... masses far from either source. At present, AABW is much more corrosive to calcite, and a strong dissolution gradient marks the deep water-mass boundary (Curry and Lohmann, 1990). The dissolution signal, like carbon isotopes, probably contains some global component as well as local water mass compone ...
... masses far from either source. At present, AABW is much more corrosive to calcite, and a strong dissolution gradient marks the deep water-mass boundary (Curry and Lohmann, 1990). The dissolution signal, like carbon isotopes, probably contains some global component as well as local water mass compone ...
The Threat of Climate Change to Coral Reefs
... seawater pH and a reduction of available carbonate in seawater. Corals depend upon carbonate ions for skeletal growth and the present decline has lead to reduced calcification of corals, resulting in decreased growth and skeletal density. Calcification is an important determinant of the health of re ...
... seawater pH and a reduction of available carbonate in seawater. Corals depend upon carbonate ions for skeletal growth and the present decline has lead to reduced calcification of corals, resulting in decreased growth and skeletal density. Calcification is an important determinant of the health of re ...
Marine Geology: Exploring the New Frontiers of the Ocean (The
... Earth itself by volcanic outgassing.The early volcanoes were extremely explosive because Earth’s interior was hotter and the magma contained more abundant volatiles than today. Earth soon acquired a primordial atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and other gases belched from ...
... Earth itself by volcanic outgassing.The early volcanoes were extremely explosive because Earth’s interior was hotter and the magma contained more abundant volatiles than today. Earth soon acquired a primordial atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and other gases belched from ...
- University of Cambridge
... ABSTR AC T. Hothouse climates in Earth’s geologic past, such as the Eocene epoch, are thought to have been caused by the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide and/or methane, which had been stored as carbon in biogenic gases and organic matter in sediments, to the ocean-atmosphere system. Howe ...
... ABSTR AC T. Hothouse climates in Earth’s geologic past, such as the Eocene epoch, are thought to have been caused by the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide and/or methane, which had been stored as carbon in biogenic gases and organic matter in sediments, to the ocean-atmosphere system. Howe ...
05_chapter 1
... value which are relevant to the marine ecosystem, in its energy transfer and secondary production. Although the distribution, molecular taxonomy and biochemical composition of gelatinous zooplankton have been studied very little in various parts of the world and particularly in India. Hence, the pre ...
... value which are relevant to the marine ecosystem, in its energy transfer and secondary production. Although the distribution, molecular taxonomy and biochemical composition of gelatinous zooplankton have been studied very little in various parts of the world and particularly in India. Hence, the pre ...
biogeographic atlas of the southern ocean
... periphylla (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) and Atolla spp., and less true for those meroplanktonic species for which the origin of their medusa stage is from benthic polyps. The distributions of the planktonic stages are closely tied to the water masses that they inhabit and the depths of these water masses ...
... periphylla (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) and Atolla spp., and less true for those meroplanktonic species for which the origin of their medusa stage is from benthic polyps. The distributions of the planktonic stages are closely tied to the water masses that they inhabit and the depths of these water masses ...
Quantification of nitrogenase in Trichodesmium IMS 101 - C-MORE
... North Atlantic versus the North Pacific. It also points to the importance of dense blooms with values that more than quadruple those from the North Atlantic. Historically, it has been speculated that estimated rates of fixed nitrogen would significantly increase if Trichodesmium blooms were included ...
... North Atlantic versus the North Pacific. It also points to the importance of dense blooms with values that more than quadruple those from the North Atlantic. Historically, it has been speculated that estimated rates of fixed nitrogen would significantly increase if Trichodesmium blooms were included ...
EENS 2120 Petrology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Igneous Rocks of the
... composition changes to ultramafic rocks. This sharp change in density is correlated with what would be expected at the base of the crust, and is thus referred to as the petrologic moho. At the top of the ultramafic sequence the rock type is harzburgite (Ol + Opx), a rock type expected to be the resi ...
... composition changes to ultramafic rocks. This sharp change in density is correlated with what would be expected at the base of the crust, and is thus referred to as the petrologic moho. At the top of the ultramafic sequence the rock type is harzburgite (Ol + Opx), a rock type expected to be the resi ...
Altimetry and Oceanography
... • For its scientific users, MERCATOR is an operational ocean observatory: by systematically combining, over several years, all the information yielded from observations (measurements reflecting reality) with that provided by the model (a threedimensional view and a memory of past states), it can pro ...
... • For its scientific users, MERCATOR is an operational ocean observatory: by systematically combining, over several years, all the information yielded from observations (measurements reflecting reality) with that provided by the model (a threedimensional view and a memory of past states), it can pro ...
Serpentinite and the dawn of life Research Norman H. Sleep
... Submarine hydrothermal vents above serpentinite produce chemical potential gradients of aqueous and ionic hydrogen, thus providing a very attractive venue for the origin of life. This environment was most favourable before Earth’s massive CO2 atmosphere was subducted into the mantle, which occurred ...
... Submarine hydrothermal vents above serpentinite produce chemical potential gradients of aqueous and ionic hydrogen, thus providing a very attractive venue for the origin of life. This environment was most favourable before Earth’s massive CO2 atmosphere was subducted into the mantle, which occurred ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.