![Relation Between the Productions of Hydrographic Surveying and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005673576_1-cd4205a69e42791eec3a864a120de9bb-300x300.png)
Relation Between the Productions of Hydrographic Surveying and
... the development history of the marine laws and its influence on the hydrographic workers, baseline, inner water, marginal sea, adjacent zones, exclusive economic zones, continental shelf, the high seas, the marine delimitation of the inshore countries and so on[3][4]. The education is the base and ...
... the development history of the marine laws and its influence on the hydrographic workers, baseline, inner water, marginal sea, adjacent zones, exclusive economic zones, continental shelf, the high seas, the marine delimitation of the inshore countries and so on[3][4]. The education is the base and ...
Methodology for oceanic CO2 measurements - UNESDOC
... Arrowhead (19841, Les Houches (1985) and Woods Hole (1988). It reviews the scientific and technical basis for oceanic studies: measuring equipment, procedures, ocean carbon standards and intercalibration. The report describes the state-of-the-art methodology and recommends a program dedicated to det ...
... Arrowhead (19841, Les Houches (1985) and Woods Hole (1988). It reviews the scientific and technical basis for oceanic studies: measuring equipment, procedures, ocean carbon standards and intercalibration. The report describes the state-of-the-art methodology and recommends a program dedicated to det ...
Marine productivity response to Heinrich events
... response of marine biogeochemistry to Heinrich-like events. Schmittner (2005), Obata (2007) and Bozbiyik et al. (2011) studies have been performed under preindustrial background climate, but as seen in Menviel et al. (2008) the structure of the marine productivity changes obtained under preindustria ...
... response of marine biogeochemistry to Heinrich-like events. Schmittner (2005), Obata (2007) and Bozbiyik et al. (2011) studies have been performed under preindustrial background climate, but as seen in Menviel et al. (2008) the structure of the marine productivity changes obtained under preindustria ...
A Mediterranean Forecasting System for deep and coastal areas
... stratified) were less important than local wind effects and tidal forcing in the region. While this can be true for the Northern European shelf areas, it is not true for the remaining parts of the north-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and other regions of the global ocean where deep ocean effect ...
... stratified) were less important than local wind effects and tidal forcing in the region. While this can be true for the Northern European shelf areas, it is not true for the remaining parts of the north-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and other regions of the global ocean where deep ocean effect ...
Vulnerability of Great Barrier Reef plankton to climate
... such as crown-of-thorns starfish, corals, fish and jellyfish, as well as the ecosystem-level responses such as their recruitment and patch connectivity, will be covered by Kingsford and Welch (see chapter 18). Since there are no long time series of plankton data for waters of the GBR for assessing c ...
... such as crown-of-thorns starfish, corals, fish and jellyfish, as well as the ecosystem-level responses such as their recruitment and patch connectivity, will be covered by Kingsford and Welch (see chapter 18). Since there are no long time series of plankton data for waters of the GBR for assessing c ...
Chemical and tracer studies in coral reef interstitial waters (French
... Physico-chemical parameters are summarized in Table 1 for borehole? P3 and P5 in Tikehau and P6 in Tahiti. In boreholes P5 and P6, positive redox potential values in the first 20 m together with the presence of free oxygen confirm the turbulent penetration of aerated TOW through the outer margin of ...
... Physico-chemical parameters are summarized in Table 1 for borehole? P3 and P5 in Tikehau and P6 in Tahiti. In boreholes P5 and P6, positive redox potential values in the first 20 m together with the presence of free oxygen confirm the turbulent penetration of aerated TOW through the outer margin of ...
Project overview
... J.-F. Piollé, and S. Lavender (2008), Diurnal warm-layer events in the Publication: western Mediterranean and European shelf seas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, GlobColour used to assess L04601, doi:10.1029/2007GL033071. the biological influence ...
... J.-F. Piollé, and S. Lavender (2008), Diurnal warm-layer events in the Publication: western Mediterranean and European shelf seas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, GlobColour used to assess L04601, doi:10.1029/2007GL033071. the biological influence ...
On Which Crust Do Volcanoes Form? - EHS
... b) How does the distance between the volcanoes and the plate boundary differ between old ...
... b) How does the distance between the volcanoes and the plate boundary differ between old ...
Chapter 12
... • Epifauna live on the surface of the sea floor. • Infauna live buried in sediments. • Nektobenthos swim or crawl through water above the seafloor. • Benthos are most abundant in shallower water. • Many live in perpetual darkness, coldness, and stillness. ...
... • Epifauna live on the surface of the sea floor. • Infauna live buried in sediments. • Nektobenthos swim or crawl through water above the seafloor. • Benthos are most abundant in shallower water. • Many live in perpetual darkness, coldness, and stillness. ...
Paper - EarthByte
... is improved relative to our previous publications, reaching as little as 30 km vertically in the top boundary layer. This resolution appears relatively crude, but is sufficient to resolve the physical processes studied here (when made possible, observed differences with regards to results of Coltice e ...
... is improved relative to our previous publications, reaching as little as 30 km vertically in the top boundary layer. This resolution appears relatively crude, but is sufficient to resolve the physical processes studied here (when made possible, observed differences with regards to results of Coltice e ...
Convergence of tectonic reconstructions and mantle
... is improved relative to our previous publications, reaching as little as 30 km vertically in the top boundary layer. This resolution appears relatively crude, but is sufficient to resolve the physical processes studied here (when made possible, observed differences with regards to results of Coltice e ...
... is improved relative to our previous publications, reaching as little as 30 km vertically in the top boundary layer. This resolution appears relatively crude, but is sufficient to resolve the physical processes studied here (when made possible, observed differences with regards to results of Coltice e ...
WGICA - ICES
... the slope regions of the adjacent shelf LMEs and also shelf portions where relevant. The fluxes and properties of water through the Atlantic and Pacific gateways need also to be taken into account when addressing physical and biological variability of the basins of the Arctic Ocean. The thematic sco ...
... the slope regions of the adjacent shelf LMEs and also shelf portions where relevant. The fluxes and properties of water through the Atlantic and Pacific gateways need also to be taken into account when addressing physical and biological variability of the basins of the Arctic Ocean. The thematic sco ...
Document
... plow through the ocean floor without breaking up. Recent evidence from ocean floor exploration and other studies has rekindled interest in Wegener's theory, and lead to the development of the theory of plate tectonics. ...
... plow through the ocean floor without breaking up. Recent evidence from ocean floor exploration and other studies has rekindled interest in Wegener's theory, and lead to the development of the theory of plate tectonics. ...
Evidence for plate tectonics, part 1
... Antarctica separates the Pacific and Indian oceans. • Longitude 70 degrees W between Cape Horn and Antarctica separates the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. • Longitude 20 degrees E between the Cape of Good Hope and Antarctica separates the Indian and Atlantic ...
... Antarctica separates the Pacific and Indian oceans. • Longitude 70 degrees W between Cape Horn and Antarctica separates the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. • Longitude 20 degrees E between the Cape of Good Hope and Antarctica separates the Indian and Atlantic ...
Upper Arctic Ocean water masses harbor distinct
... Abstract. The ubiquity of heterotrophic flagellates (HFL) in marine waters has been recognized for several decades, but the phylogenetic diversity of these small (ca. 0.8–20 µm cell diameter), mostly phagotrophic protists in the upper pelagic zone of the ocean is underappreciated. Community composit ...
... Abstract. The ubiquity of heterotrophic flagellates (HFL) in marine waters has been recognized for several decades, but the phylogenetic diversity of these small (ca. 0.8–20 µm cell diameter), mostly phagotrophic protists in the upper pelagic zone of the ocean is underappreciated. Community composit ...
Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world`s ocean
... [5] An age uncertainty grid is constructed following the approach of Müller et al. [1997], but in addition on the basis of reconstructing !40,000 magnetic anomaly identifications to their conjugate ridge flanks for constraining the uncertainty in isochron locations and geometries (Figure 1b). This ...
... [5] An age uncertainty grid is constructed following the approach of Müller et al. [1997], but in addition on the basis of reconstructing !40,000 magnetic anomaly identifications to their conjugate ridge flanks for constraining the uncertainty in isochron locations and geometries (Figure 1b). This ...
Meridional shifts of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone since
... North Africa associated with the African Humid Period5,6 (Figs 1 and 3). South of the modern ITCZ, we again see an antiphased signal compared with sites north of the modern ITCZ. Our open-ocean local δ18 Oseawater /salinity records exhibit the most saline values of the entire study interval (Fig. 3) ...
... North Africa associated with the African Humid Period5,6 (Figs 1 and 3). South of the modern ITCZ, we again see an antiphased signal compared with sites north of the modern ITCZ. Our open-ocean local δ18 Oseawater /salinity records exhibit the most saline values of the entire study interval (Fig. 3) ...
Tajika and Matsui - Rice Department of Earth Science
... The effect of volatde exchange between surface reservoirs and the mantle on the evolution of proto-CO 2 atmosphere on the Earth is investigated using a global carbon cycle model coupled with thermal evolution of the mantle. Carbon is assumed to circulate among five reservoirs (atmosphere, ocean, con ...
... The effect of volatde exchange between surface reservoirs and the mantle on the evolution of proto-CO 2 atmosphere on the Earth is investigated using a global carbon cycle model coupled with thermal evolution of the mantle. Carbon is assumed to circulate among five reservoirs (atmosphere, ocean, con ...
Influence of bacterial uptake on deep
... dependence has been found in previous studies of the bacterial activity in cold waters [Rivkin et al., 1996] and the bacterial production has also been shown to correlate with both temperature and chlorophyll in the surface layers of the global ocean [Rivkin and Legendre, 2001]. From these experimen ...
... dependence has been found in previous studies of the bacterial activity in cold waters [Rivkin et al., 1996] and the bacterial production has also been shown to correlate with both temperature and chlorophyll in the surface layers of the global ocean [Rivkin and Legendre, 2001]. From these experimen ...
Electrochemical systems
... causing chemical changes by making them more acidic (that is, decreasing the pH of the oceans). In the past 200 years the oceans have absorbed approximately half of the ...
... causing chemical changes by making them more acidic (that is, decreasing the pH of the oceans). In the past 200 years the oceans have absorbed approximately half of the ...
Salinity Patterns in the Ocean
... Salinity is a seawater property related to the amount of matter, mainly consisting of salts, dissolved in the water (see Salinity, Volume 1). The original definition of salinity was in terms of grams of dissolved salts per kilogram of seawater. Salinity is now defined in terms of seawater conductivi ...
... Salinity is a seawater property related to the amount of matter, mainly consisting of salts, dissolved in the water (see Salinity, Volume 1). The original definition of salinity was in terms of grams of dissolved salts per kilogram of seawater. Salinity is now defined in terms of seawater conductivi ...
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS): Years 16-20
... *Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S.C., Wanninkhof R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R.A., Chipman, D.W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F.P., Watson, A.J., Bakker, D.C.E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Sabine, C.L., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T.S., Tilbrook, ...
... *Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S.C., Wanninkhof R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R.A., Chipman, D.W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F.P., Watson, A.J., Bakker, D.C.E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Sabine, C.L., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T.S., Tilbrook, ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... distinguishing between northern- and southern-sourced water masses at intermediate depths can be challenging and the presence of AAIW in the deglacial North Atlantic remains a subject of debate [e.g., Yu et al., 2008; Tessin and Lund, 2013]. Additional and complementary insights into ocean circulati ...
... distinguishing between northern- and southern-sourced water masses at intermediate depths can be challenging and the presence of AAIW in the deglacial North Atlantic remains a subject of debate [e.g., Yu et al., 2008; Tessin and Lund, 2013]. Additional and complementary insights into ocean circulati ...
Alain-Yves Huc
... With respect to the current genuine public concern regarding the anthropogenic increase of greenhouse gases, a great deal of research and technology development focuses on the capture and underground storage of industrial quantities of CO2 concentrated in emissions from combustion sources, such as p ...
... With respect to the current genuine public concern regarding the anthropogenic increase of greenhouse gases, a great deal of research and technology development focuses on the capture and underground storage of industrial quantities of CO2 concentrated in emissions from combustion sources, such as p ...
project summary
... nearshore areas with higher temperatures, higher turbidity, and lower salinities to deeper, offshore areas with colder, more saline, and less turbid waters. Bottom depth, temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, and distance from shore are all Sockeye salmon at the end of their upriver spawning migratio ...
... nearshore areas with higher temperatures, higher turbidity, and lower salinities to deeper, offshore areas with colder, more saline, and less turbid waters. Bottom depth, temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, and distance from shore are all Sockeye salmon at the end of their upriver spawning migratio ...
Ocean acidification
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WOA05_GLODAP_del_pH_AYool.png?width=300)
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.