Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
Floral Response of Coccolithophores to Progressive
... zonal distribution with the most eutrophic flora as a center, and a floral composition controlled by water temperature and nutrient concentration. The observed floral zoning was a response to the westward, as well as latitudinal, water oligotrophication associated with a transition from upwelled (Eq ...
... zonal distribution with the most eutrophic flora as a center, and a floral composition controlled by water temperature and nutrient concentration. The observed floral zoning was a response to the westward, as well as latitudinal, water oligotrophication associated with a transition from upwelled (Eq ...
Climate Change and the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary
... change, related to higher or lower streamflow, sea level rise, larger waves, or changes in the magnitude, intensity or location of storms are likely to influence freshwater and nearshore and shallow water habitats most directly. In all cases, though, there was no clear trend related to these changes ...
... change, related to higher or lower streamflow, sea level rise, larger waves, or changes in the magnitude, intensity or location of storms are likely to influence freshwater and nearshore and shallow water habitats most directly. In all cases, though, there was no clear trend related to these changes ...
The Influence of CO2 Enrichment on Net Photosynthesis of
... seasonal) and spatial variation of environmental factors (Feistel et al., 2008). Besides light and water temperature, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) show a substantial amplitude of natural variability, especially under summer conditions. These daily pH changes may be of a larger m ...
... seasonal) and spatial variation of environmental factors (Feistel et al., 2008). Besides light and water temperature, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) show a substantial amplitude of natural variability, especially under summer conditions. These daily pH changes may be of a larger m ...
Faber, Samantha_Saxitoxin and the induction of paralytic shellfish
... Algal Blooms (HABs), known as a “red tides” and affects a wide dosage of TTX to produce lethality in mice compared to a single range of marine organisms. Other HABs include: Neurotoxic dose of STX. Moreover, STX has a LOAEL of 1.5 μg STX/kg Shellfish Poisoning, Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, Diarrheti ...
... Algal Blooms (HABs), known as a “red tides” and affects a wide dosage of TTX to produce lethality in mice compared to a single range of marine organisms. Other HABs include: Neurotoxic dose of STX. Moreover, STX has a LOAEL of 1.5 μg STX/kg Shellfish Poisoning, Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, Diarrheti ...
Role of the low-latitude ocean
... GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 23, GB4020, doi:10.1029/2009GB003537, 2009 ...
... GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 23, GB4020, doi:10.1029/2009GB003537, 2009 ...
Eriksen2014-Plastics-in-the-Ocean.pdf
... weighing 268,940 tons are currently floating at sea (Table 1). There was a good correspondence between the model prediction and measured data for particle count and weight (Figs. S1 and S2, Table S4). Our estimates suggest that the two Northern Hemisphere ocean regions contain 55.6% of particles and ...
... weighing 268,940 tons are currently floating at sea (Table 1). There was a good correspondence between the model prediction and measured data for particle count and weight (Figs. S1 and S2, Table S4). Our estimates suggest that the two Northern Hemisphere ocean regions contain 55.6% of particles and ...
Kiel: an excellent place for PhD research
... cover themselves with a shell (coccosphere) composed of tiny calcium carbonate platelets (coccoliths). Through their ability to calcify they contribute to the vertical gradient in ocean alkalinity, accelerate organic matter export to depth, and increase the Earth’s albedo, making this functional gro ...
... cover themselves with a shell (coccosphere) composed of tiny calcium carbonate platelets (coccoliths). Through their ability to calcify they contribute to the vertical gradient in ocean alkalinity, accelerate organic matter export to depth, and increase the Earth’s albedo, making this functional gro ...
Chapter 5 - The World of the Census
... databases, and visualization. Geophysical tools have been used to classify and map habitats over large areas because they can discriminate seabed type (mud, sand, rock). Higher-resolution tools have allowed the characterization of ecological features such as coral mounds, outcropping methane hydrate ...
... databases, and visualization. Geophysical tools have been used to classify and map habitats over large areas because they can discriminate seabed type (mud, sand, rock). Higher-resolution tools have allowed the characterization of ecological features such as coral mounds, outcropping methane hydrate ...
INFORMATION DOCUMENT
... coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) that is producing regional climate projections for many areas of the world with an initial focus on Africa. A team of regional scientists evaluate the strengths and limitations of the regional climate model results that will be used for a ...
... coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) that is producing regional climate projections for many areas of the world with an initial focus on Africa. A team of regional scientists evaluate the strengths and limitations of the regional climate model results that will be used for a ...
Rain ratio variation in the Tropical Ocean
... for preservation and (2) calculating organic carbon fluxes with multiple algorithms that depend in varying degrees on ballasting. We find that organic carbon flux estimates from algorithms with and without a ballasting function produce results different from one another. Sediment accumulation rates for ...
... for preservation and (2) calculating organic carbon fluxes with multiple algorithms that depend in varying degrees on ballasting. We find that organic carbon flux estimates from algorithms with and without a ballasting function produce results different from one another. Sediment accumulation rates for ...
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
... suspended particulates in the upper water column. Since plastics break down to even smaller polymers, concentrations of submerged particles are not visible from space, nor do they appear as a continuous debris field. Instead, the patch is defined as an area in which the mass of plastic debris in the ...
... suspended particulates in the upper water column. Since plastics break down to even smaller polymers, concentrations of submerged particles are not visible from space, nor do they appear as a continuous debris field. Instead, the patch is defined as an area in which the mass of plastic debris in the ...
Sustainable Use of Our Oceans – Making Ideas Work
... This fourth World Ocean Review focuses on sustainability. It offers insights into the eco- ...
... This fourth World Ocean Review focuses on sustainability. It offers insights into the eco- ...
Contributions of anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophy and
... anoxygenic photolithotrophs, of which some use the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle as do oxygenic photolithotrophs, while others use one of 4 other pathways. The category of other autotrophs also includes organisms that possess photochemical energy transduction machinery but lack autotrophic c ...
... anoxygenic photolithotrophs, of which some use the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle as do oxygenic photolithotrophs, while others use one of 4 other pathways. The category of other autotrophs also includes organisms that possess photochemical energy transduction machinery but lack autotrophic c ...
Contributions of anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophy and
... anoxygenic photolithotrophs, of which some use the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle as do oxygenic photolithotrophs, while others use one of 4 other pathways. The category of other autotrophs also includes organisms that possess photochemical energy transduction machinery but lack autotrophic c ...
... anoxygenic photolithotrophs, of which some use the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle as do oxygenic photolithotrophs, while others use one of 4 other pathways. The category of other autotrophs also includes organisms that possess photochemical energy transduction machinery but lack autotrophic c ...
Plate Tectonics - John Bowne High School
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. The same data showed that these underwater ...
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. The same data showed that these underwater ...
PDF - Oceans at MIT
... controls how close the surface waters approach a local equilibrium with the overlying atmosphere. Our study investigates how the rapid geostrophic flow in the Gulf Stream prevents a local equilibrium being achieved and subsequently modifies the carbon balance over the interior of the subtropical gyr ...
... controls how close the surface waters approach a local equilibrium with the overlying atmosphere. Our study investigates how the rapid geostrophic flow in the Gulf Stream prevents a local equilibrium being achieved and subsequently modifies the carbon balance over the interior of the subtropical gyr ...
Tiago João Potencialidades da Incorporação de Correntes Cunha
... fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting negatively the fishing sector, in particular the huge maintenance costs o ...
... fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting negatively the fishing sector, in particular the huge maintenance costs o ...
Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory
... geoscience • Integrates from many branches • First suggested based on geology and paleontology • Fully embraced after evidence from geophysics ...
... geoscience • Integrates from many branches • First suggested based on geology and paleontology • Fully embraced after evidence from geophysics ...
Ocean Science - International Science Center
... waves, rocky shores, intense erosion and steep sea cliffs. The Bay of Fundy is known for its high tidal range. The quest for World tidal dominance has led to a rivalry between the Canadian Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy and the Leaf Basin in Ungava Bay, (which is in the Artic Ocean north of Quebec, ...
... waves, rocky shores, intense erosion and steep sea cliffs. The Bay of Fundy is known for its high tidal range. The quest for World tidal dominance has led to a rivalry between the Canadian Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy and the Leaf Basin in Ungava Bay, (which is in the Artic Ocean north of Quebec, ...
CAGE
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
Manganese Nodules: Research Data and
... structure and constitute a reference collection at Washington State University (Pullman, Washington), available to other workers. This volume constitutes a reference essential to those working on manganese nodules. Manganese nodules not only exhibit variation in their internal composition and struct ...
... structure and constitute a reference collection at Washington State University (Pullman, Washington), available to other workers. This volume constitutes a reference essential to those working on manganese nodules. Manganese nodules not only exhibit variation in their internal composition and struct ...
Bathymetry: Assessing Methods - COLORS
... detected by aircraft or satellite. Passive ocean color sensors measure this small amount of solar radiation that has entered the water column and been scattered back out.[9] In waters that are shallow and clear enough for light to reach the bottom (called “optically shallow”), the color of the seafl ...
... detected by aircraft or satellite. Passive ocean color sensors measure this small amount of solar radiation that has entered the water column and been scattered back out.[9] In waters that are shallow and clear enough for light to reach the bottom (called “optically shallow”), the color of the seafl ...
Western Pacific Air-Sea Interaction Study © by TERRAPUB 2014.
... transform DMSP to DMS, and others transform DMSP to other compounds by dimethylation. Recently, several genes encoding enzymes related to these processes have been identified (Strom 2008; Howard et al. 2008; Todd et al. 2009). However, little is known about the relative contribution of these process ...
... transform DMSP to DMS, and others transform DMSP to other compounds by dimethylation. Recently, several genes encoding enzymes related to these processes have been identified (Strom 2008; Howard et al. 2008; Todd et al. 2009). However, little is known about the relative contribution of these process ...
4.4. Phytoplankton and primary productivity off Northwest Africa The
... 4.4.2. OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE CO2 concentrations have increased by 40% since pre‐industrial times (year 1750) (IPCC, 2013) and more than 25% from any time in the past 420,000 years (Petit et al., 1999). One of the major chang ...
... 4.4.2. OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE CO2 concentrations have increased by 40% since pre‐industrial times (year 1750) (IPCC, 2013) and more than 25% from any time in the past 420,000 years (Petit et al., 1999). One of the major chang ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.