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Muscle Action Unit 10 1 Points of Attachment 1. The type of movement produced by a skeletal muscle depends on ________________________________________________. 2. There are approximately _______ skeletal muscles 3. Origin = * the head of the muscle * some muscles have more than one (ex. Biceps - 2 heads) 4. Insertion = * the insertion is ____________________________ * sometimes they switch roles ** ex. Pectoralis Major - connects the humerus to the thorax (1) arm flexion...O=thorax; I=humerus (2) chin-ups...O=humerus; I=thorax * ___________________ is the portion found between the O & I.... referred to as the meat of the muscle....usually covers the ______________________ Interaction of Skeletal Muscles 1. Skeletal muscles almost always function in groups rather than singly 2. Prime Mover = ex. Biceps Brachii.....flexion at the elbow 3. Antagonist = ex. Triceps Brachii.....extension at the elbow * they usually __________ while the PM contracts * can also resist the movement of the PM 4. Synergist = * they help by holding a part steady or actually aiding in the movement 5. Reciprocal Innervation = 2 Superficial Muscles 1. Reasons for Names: a) Pectoralis Major b) Deltoid; Quadratus c) Sternocleidomastoid; Tibialis Anterior d) Extensor Digitorum; Adductor Longus e) Biceps Brachii; Triceps Brachii f) External Oblique 2. Review Muscle Action Terminology (Handout) Muscles of Facial Expression and Mastication 1. Epicranius (L) covers the _________ & the _________....composed of the occipitalis (origin) and frontalis (insertion); separated by the epicranial aponeurosis (A) 2. Orbicularis oculi (L) (A) closes the eye (squinting; blinking; compressing tear gland) 3. Orbicularis oris (L) encircles the __________ (A) 4. Buccinator (L) lateral to orbicularis oris (A) flattens cheeks (whistling; blowing trumpet) 5. Zygomaticus (L) extends from ____________ to orbicularis oris (corner of mouth) (A) 6. Platysma (L) lower border of ____________ to sternum & clavicle (A) lowers mandible; draws edges of mouth down (pouting) 3 7. Temporalis (L) (A) closes jaw (chewing)....a synergist 8. Masseter (L) zygomatic arch to lower border of _____________ (A) Muscles that Move the Head 1. Result from the actions of paired muscles in the neck and upper back.... responsible for ________________________________________. 2. Sternocleidomastoid (L) _________________ of skull to clavicle & sternum (both sides) (A) neck (head) flexion (both sides contract); lateral neck flexion 3. Splenius Capitis (L) mastoid process to _________________ of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae (A) head rotation; __________________; head extension ....QUIZ #1.... Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle/Upper Arm 1. Trapezius (L) base of skull/cervical & thoracic vertebrae (origin) to the _____________________ (insertion) (A) adducts _______ (pulls it back & down); raises scapula (shrugging); _________________ * provides the leverage for thrusting the arm forward as in shot-putting 2. Serratus Anterior (L) fleshy, narrow strips covering ______ (origin) to scapula (insertion) (A) pulls scapula forward and downward (for pushing heavy objects) 4 3. Pectoralis Major (L) clavicle/sternum (origin) to ________ (insertion)....[covers the chest] (A) arm ________; arm adduction; arm ________ (aka: medial rotation) 4. Latissimus Dorsi (L) lower thoracic/upper lumbar vertebrae (o) to _______________ (i) (A) arm extension; arm _________; arm pronation (pulls arm down & back.....known as the most “powerful pulling muscle”) 5. Teres Major (L) lateral border/inferior angle of scapula (o) to upper humerus (i) * directly above LD (A) arm ___________; arm adduction; arm pronation * a _____________ to the LD 6. Infraspinatus (L) scapula (o) to ____________ (i) * in-between teres major & trapezius (A) arm adduction; arm __________ (aka: lateral rotation); synergist to arm extension 7. Deltoid (L) triangular muscle -- covers the ___________; scapula/clavicle (o) to humerus (i) (A) arm ____________; arm extension (posterior fibers); arm flexion (anterior fibers) Muscles of the Forearm/Wrist/Hand & Fingers 1. Biceps Brachii (L) __________ upper arm - scapula (o) to radius (i) (A) forearm flexion; ____________ of hand; flexion of hand 2. Triceps Brachii (L) posterior upper arm - humerus/scapula (o) to __________ (i) * the only muscle on the back of the upper arm! (A) forearm _____________; arm extension ....QUIZ #2.... 5 3. Brachioradialis (L) long band of muscle on upper part of forearm (thumb side) humerus (o) to radius(i) (A) ___________ flexion (synergist to the biceps) 4. Flexor Carpi Radialis (L) anterior forearm - medial to ________________ - medial/distal humerus (o) to 2nd/3rd metacarpal (i) (A) wrist flexion; wrist ______________ 5. Pronator Teres (L) __________ forearm - medial humerus and ulna (o) to lateral surface of radius (i) * in-between FCR and Brachioradialis (A) forearm pronation; biceps ______________ (stabilizer) 6. Palmaris Longus (L) anterior forearm - ____________ humerus (o) to palm fascia (i) * medial to FCR (A) wrist _____________ 7. Flexor Digitorum (L) _________ forearm - humerus/radius (o) to metacarpals/fingers (i) * medial to PalmLong (A) wrist flexion; ___________ flexion (middle/distal phalanxes) 8. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (L) anterior, most medial forearm - humerus/ulna (o) to carpals/ metacarpals (i) * medial to FlexDig (A) wrist ___________; wrist adduction 9. Extensor Carpi Radialis (L) posterior forearm - lateral epicondyle of humerus (o) to metacarpals (i) * lateral to brachioradialis (A) wrist extension; wrist ____________ 6 10. Extensor Digitorum (L) posterior forearm - humerus (o) to phalanges (digits #2-5) (i) * between ECR & ECU (A) _____________ extension 11. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (L) ____________, medial forearm - humerus (o) to 5th metacarpal (i) (A) wrist extension; wrist ______________ Muscles of the Abdominal Wall 1. External Oblique (L) anterior, lateral abdomen - lower 8 ribs (o) to iliac crest (i) (A) trunk flexion (forward); _______________ flexion; trunk rotation; tenses abdominal wall; compression of abdominal organs 2. Rectus Abdominis (L) ______________ abdomen - pubis (o) to sternum/ribs (i) (A) trunk flexion; lateral trunk flexion; protects abdominal organs; compression of abdominal organs *** Linea Alba = tough band of connective tissue that covers this muscle - serves as an attachment for some of the abdominal wall muscles ....QUIZ #3.... Muscles of the Thigh 1. Quadriceps Femoris (L) consists of ______ large muscles on ______ thigh - pelvis/femur (o) to patella (i) 1] Rectus Femoris - thigh flexion 2] Vastus Lateralis 3] Vastus Intermedius - deep 4] Vastus Medialis (A) lower leg _____________ 7 2. Sartorius (L) long band of muscle - lateral ______ (o) -- crosses anterior thigh -- to medial tibia (i) (A) thigh flexion; thigh ________________; lower leg flexion 3. Gluteus Maximus (L) ____________ pelvic region - ilium/sacrum/coccyx (o) to posterior femur (i) (A) thigh ____________; thigh lateral rotation 4. Gluteus Medius (L) lateral ilium (o) to greater trochanter of femur (i) (short, thick muscle on side of hip....gives it a rounded contour) (A) _________ abduction; thigh medial rotation 5. Gracilis (L) medial _________.....pubis (o) to medial _________ (i) (A) thigh ___________; lower leg flexion; lower leg medial rotation 6. Pectineus (L) anterior thigh.....pubis (o) to femur(i) (superior to adductor longus) (A) thigh __________; thigh adduction 7. Adductor Longus (L) anterior thigh.....pubis (o) to femur(i) (medial/inferior to pectineus) (A) thigh _____________; thigh flexion; thigh lateral rotation 8. Tensor Fasciae Latae (L) anterior, lateral thigh.....ilium(o) to thigh fascia (i) (to the front & side of the hip) (A) thigh abduction; thigh flexion; thigh __________________ 9. Iliopsoas (L) lateral/superior to pectineus.....lumbar vertebrae/ilium (o) to lesser trochanter of femur (i) ** includes the psoas major and iliacus (A) thigh ____________; thigh lateral rotation ....QUIZ #4.... 8 10. Biceps Femoris (L) posterior/lateral thigh.....ischium/femur (o) to lateral tibia/fibula (i) (A) thigh ___________; lower leg flexion; lower leg lateral rotation 11. Semitendinosus (L) posterior/central thigh.....ischium (o) to medial tibia (i) (A) thigh extension; ____________ flexion; lower leg medial rotation 12. Semimembranosus (L) posterior/medial thigh.....ischium (o) to medial tibia (i) (A) thigh extension; lower leg flexion; lower leg ________________ Muscles of the Lower Leg 1. Tibialis Anterior (L) anterior/lateral lower leg.....lateral tibia (o) to _______________ (i) (A) foot ______________; foot dorsiflexion 2. Extensor Digitorum Longus (L) anterior/lateral lower leg.....tibia/fibula (o) to phalanges (i) * lateral to TA (A) foot _______________; foot dorsiflexion; toe extension 3. Peroneus Longus (L) lateral lower leg.....lateral tibia/fibula (o) to metatarsals/tarsals (i) * lateral to EDL (A) foot eversion; foot _________________ 4. Soleus (L) borders ________________ medially & laterally.....tibia/fibula (o) to calcaneus (i) * it lies beneath the gastroc.! (A) foot plantar flexion 5. Gastrocnemius (L) posterior lower leg (calf muscle).....lateral/medial ____________ of femur (o) to calcaneus (i) (A) lower leg ______________; foot plantar flexion 6. Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon ** large tendon connecting gastrocnemius to calcaneus 9 Clinical Terms Related to the Muscular System 1. Convulsion 2. Muscular Dystrophy 3. Myasthenia Gravis 4. Paralysis 5. Shin Splints ....QUIZ #5.... p.198