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Chapter 19 Study Guide –Cycles of Matter and Ecological Succession – Pages 508 -515 1. Precipitation 2. Condensation 3. Evaporation 4. Transpiration 5. Runoff 6. Groundwater 7. Photosynthesis 8. Decomposition 9. Cellular respiration 10. Combustion 11. Combustion Decomposition Respiration Photosynthesis 12. Nitrogen Fixation 13. From where do animals get their nitrogen and carbon? 14. Proteins and DNA 15. Lightning 16. Why is the carbon cycle important? 17. Oceans 18. Carbon 19. Mitochondria 20. Chloroplasts 21. glucose and Oxygen 22. Carbon dioxide, water, and Energy 23. Succession Any form of water that fall to the Earth’s Surface. The change of state from a gas to a liquid….water vapor to water. The change of a substance such as water from a liquid to a gas. The process by which plants release water vapor. This is when precipitation falls on land and flows into streams, rivers, and lakes. This is the water that is stored in spaces between or within rocks and will slowly flow back into the soil, streams, rivers, and oceans. The process in which plants use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen. The breakdown of substances such as dead plant and animal matter into simpler molecules to return nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen back to the environment. The process in which glucose and oxygen are needed to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ENERGY. The burning of fossil fuels and in the process carbon dioxide is returned to the environment. The 4 processes of the carbon cycle. The process in which bacteria in the soil change the nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Plants Organisms need nitrogen to build ____________ and ______________. Besides bacteria in the soil, this can cause nitrogen fixation. The carbon cycle is important because it recycles carbon between the environment and living things. Most of the precipitation that falls to the Earth, falls into the __________. Organic molecules contain ______________. These are the organelles (cell parts) with chlorophyll that capture light energy so that photosynthesis can take place. These are the organelles (cell parts) that convert/change glucose and oxygen into energy. These are the end products of photosynthesis. These are the end products for cellular respiration. The replacement of one type of community by another at a single pace over a period of time. 24. Pioneer species A species that colonizes or starts living in an uninhabited area and that starts a process of succession. 25. Lichen This organism is made up of fungi and algae that grow together. The algae live inside the thick walls of the fungi. The algae go through photosynthesis and produce food. 26. Mutualistic This organism is made up of fungi and algae that grow together. The algae Relationship- Why? go through photosynthesis and produce food. Lichen = algae and fungi 27. These have acids that can break down rocks to begin soil Lichens 28. These are the pioneer species that begin primary succession. 29. Primary Succession Lichens 30. Secondary Succession 31. Climax species 32. Biodiversity 33. How does biodiversity help communities survive? 34. Mature communities Primary succession begins in an area where there is no soil. There is only bare rock which is transformed into soil. Sometimes a community is disturbed in some way….fire, tornado, hurricane, flooding, or neglect. If there is soil there, the original community may regrow through the process of secondary succession. Know the steps of secondary succession –page 514 Species that are well adapted and slow growing in a mature community. The variety of species that are present in an area. Biodiversity helps communities survive when there are disturbances such as diseases, and insect invasions. Biodiversity means that there is a variety of species. So, if there is an insect invasion, the insects will usually go after one species of plants. The community will continue to survive because there are so many species of plants not affected by the insect invasion. Biodiversity = variety = survival of a community. Mature communities have biodiversity. A mature community has organisms that are well adapted to live together in an area over time. 35. Know the cycles of matter. Pages 508 – 511. 36. Know the 5 steps of primary succession. Page 513. 37. Know the 4 steps of secondary succession. Page 514. 38. Know how primary succession is different from secondary succession. 39. Know the photosynthesis and cellular respiration life cycle. See your pink note sheet or page 96 in your book.