Download skeletalsystempowerpoint

Skeletal System
5 Functions of the Skeletal
System
1. Movement: Skeletal
system provides points of
attachment for muscles.
Your legs and arms move
when the muscles pull on
the bones.
2. Support: The backbone
is the main support
center for the upper
body. It holds your head
up and protects your
spinal cord.
Muscle attached to bones!!
5 Functions of the Skeletal
System
3. Protection: The bones of
your skull protect your
brain. Your ribs protect
your lungs and heart
from injury.
4. Makes Blood: Red and
white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.
5 Functions of the Skeletal
System
► 5.
Storage: Bones
store minerals, such
as calcium and
phosphorus, for use
by the body
Two Major Skeletal System Parts
►
Axial Skeleton: The axial
skeleton includes the
skull, spine, ribs and
sternum.
►
Appendicular Skeleton:
The appendicular
skeleton includes the
appendages of the body,
which are the shoulders,
arms, hips, and legs.
Skeletal System Bones
► Four




basic bone shapes
1. Long- arms, legs and fingers
2. Short- wrist and ankles
3. Flat- skull and sternum
4. Irregular- spine
Bones of the Cranium
► Some
are thicker
than others!!!
Parietal Bone
Cranium Bones
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Temporal
Bone
Maxilla and Mandible
?
Maxilla
Mandible
Clavicle or Collarbone
► The
clavicle, or collar
bone, holds the
shoulder joint away
from the rest of the
upper body and is only
as thick as your little
finger. It is also
called collarbone.
Scapula
► The
scapula is located
on the back side of the
ribcage and helps
provide part of the
shoulder joint and
movement for the
arms.
Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region (neck
bones)
2) The thorasic region (what the
ribs attach to)
3) The lumbar region (the lower
part of the back)
Coccyx and Sacrum
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
Humerus
► Humerus
is the largest and longest bone of
the upper arm.
► Ulna is the longer, medial bone of the
forearm.
► Radius is the shorter , lateral bone of the
forearm.
Radius and Ulna
► Radius
► Ulna
on Top
on Bottom
Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
The palm of the hand is made up of the five metacarpal
bones. These are small, long bones, each with a base, a
shaft, and a head.
Phalanges (Little Fingers)
Each finger, except the thumb, has three phalanges: a
proximal, a midle, and a terminal or distal phalanx.
The thumb has only a proximal and distal phalanx.
Rib Cage
The ribs
►
►
►
►
There are 12 pairs of ribs, which are named according to
their anterior attachments. Because the upper seven pairs
articulate directly with sternum, they are called true ribs.
The lower five pairs are called false ribs.
Because the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs have no cartilage
and do not attach at all anteriorly, these “false ribs” have
another name , floating ribs.
All ribs attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae.
Sternum (Breastbone)
The sternum, or breastbone, is a long, flat, bony plate that forms the
most anterior section of the rib cage. The primary function of
the sternum is the protection of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels from
physical damage
Pelvis (Dancing Bone)
The ring made by the pelvic girdle functions as the birth
canal in females. The pelvis provides attachment for muscles
that balance and support the trunk and move the legs, the
hips, and the trunk. It is usually wider and broader in females
and smaller and narrower in males.
Femur or thigh
(Largest and heaviest Bone in the Body)
It functions in supporting the weight of the body and
allowing motion of the leg
The Tibia and Fibula
The tibia is the larger of the two bonesforming the lower leg. It is
also known as the shinbone.
The fibula, is also known as the calf bone.It lies parallel with and on
the lateral side of the tibia.
Tarsals
The bones of ankle are known as the tarsal bones.
The short tarsal bones resemble the carpal bones of the wrist but are
larger. They are arranged in the hind foot and forefoot.
They function as a strong weight-bearing platform. The calcaneus, or
heel bone, is the largest tarsal and forms the prominence at the back of
the foot.
Metatarsals
The metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the toe, or
phalanges. Metatarsals are convex in shape (arch upward), are
long bones, and give the foot its arch. They work with connective
tissues, ligaments and tendons, to provide movement in the foot.
Phalanges
The phalanges of the toes are classified as long bones despite their
short length because again they have a base, shaft, and head. They
have the same arrangement as the phalanges of the fingers. There
are two phalanges in the great toe, proximal and distal.
Calcaneous or heel bone
Abnormal curvantures of the
spine
► Kyphosis
► Lordosis
► scoliosis
Skeletal System Review
My Videos\wholebodyskeleton.mov
Joints of the Body
► Ball
and Socket
Joint: Round end of
bone fitting snuggly
within another bone.
 Ex. Shoulder and Hip
Joints of the Body
► Hinge
Joint:
Movement at joint in
one direction like a
door.
 Ex. Knee and Elbow
Joints of the Body
► Pivot
Joint: Bone
resting atop another
bone permitting free
movement.
 Ex. Neck, Wrist and
Ankles
Joints of the Body
► Fixed
Immovable:
Joint does not move
 Ex. Skull
► Gliding
Joint: Bones
slipping over other
bones with a free
flowing movement.
 Ex. Knuckles
The Connectors of the Body
► Ligaments:
Connect
bone to bone
The Connectors of the Body!!
► Tendon:
Attaches muscles to bones
The Connectors of the Body
► Cartilage:
It acts as a cushion between
bones at a joint and protects the bones.
Problems of the Skeletal System
► Fracture:
Break
► Dislocation:
joint
Out of
Problems of the Skeletal System
► Sprain:
Swelling in
the joint
► Arthritis:
Inflamed
and stiff joints
Problems of the Skeletal System!!
► Scoliosis:
Curvature
of the spine
► Osteoporosis:
bones
Brittle