Download Darwins 5 Points of Natural Selection

Evolution Study Guide
Name____________________
My child is prepared for Friday’s Test and has completed this study guide ________________________
Vocabulary: Use the following words to fill in the blanks: genetic variation, mutation, adaptation, sexual
selection, evolution, theory, natural selection, artificial selection, genetic drift, migration (gene flow), and
reproduction. Some words may be used more than once.
1. In order for a population to evolve, organisms in the population must have differences or ______________
______________.
2. There are 5 mechanisms that change the gene frequencies in a population. They are _________________ ,
__________________ ________________________, ___________________ __________________,
___________________ ____________________, and __________________ ___________________.
3. ___________________________-The chance of an individual migrating to another population and sharing its
genes there.
4. _____________________- A change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or
repair.
5. __________________________ - The ultimate source of genetic variation.
6. ________________ _______________ - The change in allele frequencies in a population due to random events
like habitat destruction which results in changes in successive generations.
7. _________________ ________________ - A process of evolution in which traits that result in better fitness of
an individual survives to the next generation. Survival of the fittest!
8. _________________ ________________ - is defined as the process whereby organisms with the best genetic
adaptations will survive and reproduce.
9. __________________ - Theory in which populations will inherit small changes over time.
10. A ____________________________ is more than an educated guess. It is a widely accepted set of explanations
of observations and phenomena.
11. ______________________ - An inherited characteristic that increases the chance of survival
12. In _______________ __________________, human breeders, rather than the environment, select the variations
of traits to be passed to offspring.
13. Darwin provides a mechanism for evolution to occur. He proposed that ____________________
____________________ took place as individuals best suited to the environment survived and reproduced.
14. Charles Darwin realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survival but
also successful ____________________.
15. Every organism must either carry out _____________________ or become extinct. ( A characteristic of all
living things)
Evidence of Evolution:
1__________________________- The study of extinct Life.
 Fossil records show that species have changed over time. In ___________________ dating, scientists compare
fossils found in different layers of rock to determine the relative age of an organism. In __________________
dating, scientist look at half-lives of element decay to determine the exact age of a fossil.
2. _______________________- The study of organisms at an early stage of development provides evidence of possible
common ancestors between two different species.
3. _______________________- Organs found on different organisms that have similar structures but have evolved
different uses for these structures.
4. _______________________- Organs or structures that have been reduced in size in an organism that suggests that
they adapted to life without their use.
Darwins 5 Points of Natural Selection
1. _____________________________- Organisms within a population will have differences.
2. Within variation, their will be a _______________ __________________
3. ______________________- More organisms will be produced than will survive.
4. Of those organisms that survive, they have a favorable trait that increased their chances of survival called a
_________________.
5. Over time, the environment will have ______________ a trait that will become more prevalent within the
population.
Short Answer:
Animals and plants have been selectively bred for generations to produce
certain desired phenotypes. This is an example of ________________
______________________. This supports the theory of
___________________________ because it shows how populations can
change over time.
Phenotypes:
Light
Dark
E
D
C
Use the peppered moth example to explain Darwin’s 5 points of evolution.
1. ______________________ – populations have differences. What is the
variation in the peppered moth population? ______________________
2. Some variations are ________________________. After the Industrial
Revolution, which phenotype is most favorable? __________________
3. ________________________– More offspring are produced than survive.
After the Industrial Revolution, which phenotype survived at a greater rate?
_______________________
4. _____________________– those that survive are the ones with the
favorable traits. What is the adaptation here? ________________________
5. _______________________– the population will change over time as a
result of passing inheritable traits from adaptations. In time, most of the moth
population were of the ___________________ phenotype.
This diagram demonstrates the process of ___________________
___________________. It demonstrates that changes in the gene frequency of
a population can change the phenotypes of a population. Before the
introduction of the predator, each phenotype occurred in equal numbers in the
population. After the introduction of the predator the ______________
phenotype is most common. This is because they were able to survive and
______________________ at a greater rate.
There are two ways that scientists date fossils. This picture represents
_________________ dating in which the position of fossils in rock layers are
used to determine age. Fossils in lower layers are _____________ and fossils
in upper layers are ________________. In this picture, layer _____ is the
youngest layer and layer _____ is the oldest.
B
A
Darwin cited evidence for the theory of evolution. One of these is represented
by this diagram. It shows _________________________- the study of
organisms at an early stage of development. The similarities in the
development of many organisms suggest an evolutionary relationship
(common ancestor).
Another line of evidence cited in the theory of evolution is represented by this
diagram. It is an example of ___________________ structures, body parts
that are reduced in size and unused in present day organisms.
Suggests that as body part was no longer needed in environment they were lost
List 3 examples
1.
2.
2
3.
The diagram below shows ___________________________structures, which
may not have the same use, but do have a common evolutionary origin, and
thus structure. These similarities in body parts suggest a ____________
ancestor.
____________________________ – the number of individuals that an
environment can support due to environmental pressures.
Explain what each point on the graph shows:
A:
B:
C:
F:
At which point is the population increasing at the greatest rate? _________
What caused this population to crash? _______________________________
Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time
The graph shows __________ ____________or the maximum number of rabbits
that this environment can support due to environmental pressures such as limited
resources and predator/prey relationships.
carrying capacity for rabbits is ______
During which month did the population of rabbits reach carrying capacity? ________
During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth? ____________
Using the cladogram provided, which species (indicated
by letters) are now extinct? ______________________(6)
Determine the ancestors of the following present day
organisms:
For J: (there is 4) ______________________
For K: (there is 4) _____________________
For M: (there is 3) _____________________
Study the picture to the left. A population of insects is sprayed with a new
insecticide. Most of the insects are killed but a few survive. In the next
generation, spraying continues, but many more of the insects are unaffected by
the insecticide than the first spraying. Which of the following BEST explains
these results?
a. The insecticide caused a mutation in the species.
b. A few insects in the first population were immune and passed
this trait to their offspring.
c. The insecticide caused a side effect of immunity that was
passed on to the next generation of insects.
d. The insects learned to fight off the insecticide.
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