Download enthalpy - winterk

Name: ______________________________
SCH 4C
Organic Chemistry Test Review
1.
Which element(s) must be present in a compound for it to be considered organic?
2.
How many bonds must the following elements make with other elements in order to achieve a full valence shell?
a) carbon
b) oxygen
c) chlorine
d) hydrogen
e) nitrogen
3.
Draw a Lewis dot diagram of all 5 elements above.
4.
a) What are the 2 types of bonds that hold atoms together?
b) What kind of bonds holds NaCl together?
5.
Draw a Lewis dot diagram of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
8.
a) What is a polar molecule? Give 2 examples in your definition.
b) How can a molecule be non-polar? Give 2 examples to accompany your explanation.
c) Explain the difference between a polar & non-polar covalent bond in an organic compound.
9.
Name 4 ways that organic & inorganic compounds are different.
c) What kind of bonds holds H2O together?
d) What kind of bonds holds CO2 together?
What is electronegativity?
Which element is the most electronegative?
Name an element that has a low electronegativity.
What does electronegativity have to do with organic compounds?
10. Why is carbon able to create such a variety of compounds? Explain what makes it so special.
11. Draw structural diagrams of the following simple organic compounds:
a) propene (C3H6)
b) acetic acid, aka vinegar (CH3COOH)
c) benzene (C6H6)
12. Write the general formula and give an example of the following:
a) alkane
b) alkene
c) alkyne
13. What are the IUPAC prefixes for the following:
a) 1 – 10 carbons
b) a ring-shaped/looped carbon chain
c) branch made of 3 straight-chained carbons
14. Name the following molecules:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
15. Draw the following organic molecules:
a) methoxy-2-nitro-pentane
b) 1,3-butadiene
c) 1,3,5-trimethyl cyclopentane
d) 2, 3-dipentanol
e) trans-3,4-dimethyl 3-hexene
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
2-cyano, 3-propyl cyclobutene
3-chloro, 2-cyclohexenyl propene
cis-2,3-diethyl, 5-methyl 2-hexene
propoxy-2-fluorobutane
1-amino-4,4-difluoro-2-pentanol
16. How is a structural isomer different from a geometric isomer? Give an example of each (so you’ll need to draw 2 molecules that
are structural isomers and 2 different molecules that are geometric isomers) and name them.
17. a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
What makes an alcohol (e.g., 2-pentanol) different from an alkane like pentane, in terms of physical/chemical properties?
What type of functional group do steroids like testosterone and cortisone contain?
Name 3 foods that contain carboxylic acids, and state their common taste.
Name an artificial source and a natural source of esters.
What are examples of long-chained esters that combine with a strong base to form soap?
Why are amine & amide groups so critical to the make-up of all living things?
Name the amide that can counteract the effects of anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction).
18. Name the functional group indicated by the following:
a) – C – O – C –
c) – C – NH2
b) – C = O – OH (–COOH)
d) – C = O
e)
f)
– C – OH
– C = O – NH2
19. Draw, then name an alkane with 5 carbons that contains the following functional group:
a) aldehyde
c) amine
e) ketone
b) ester
d) carboxylic acid
f) alcohol
20. How are the following functional groups similar, yet different?
a) a ketone & an aldehyde
g) ether
h) amide
b) an amine & an amide
21. All hydrocarbons require the presence of which gas to combust?
22. What are the products of:
a) complete combustion
b) incomplete combustion
23. a) How can incomplete combustion take place?
b) Why is incomplete combustion dangerous?
24. Write a balanced chemical equation for the (complete) combustion of:
a) ethane
b) 2-pentene
c) butyne
25. a) For an addition reaction to occur, what type of hydrocarbon must be present: an alkane, alkene, and/or alkyne?
b) Why?
c) Give 5 examples of substances that can be added to these ALKs to form an addition reaction.
26. Use structural diagrams to represent an addition reaction of the following:
a) butene + hydrogen gas
b) propyne + hydrochloric acid
27. a)
b)
c)
d)
When a hydrocarbon is ‘saturated’, what does this mean?
How can a molecule be ‘unsaturated’ or ‘polyunsaturated’?
What relevance does saturating a molecule or keeping a molecule unsaturated have to do with your health?
What type of reaction can an unsaturated molecule undergo to become saturated?
28. How do physical properties change from small to medium to long-length hydrocarbons? Discuss state and melting/boiling points.
29. a) Explain what fractional distillation is, and how it is used to separate various hydrocarbons from petroleum (crude oil).
b) What is cracking and why do oil companies pay chemists to do it?
c) What does the octane number (rating) indicate about the nature of the hydrocarbon?
30. a)
b)
c)
d)
What is a polymer? What, then, is a monomer?
Give an example of a synthetic (man-made) polymer and a naturally-found polymer. Name the monomer that makes up each.
Give an example of an addition polymer and be able to explain how it forms.
Name the two types of condensation polymers and give an example of each. Be sure to name the functional groups that must
be present in the monomers of each type of condensation polymer.
e) How are addition & condensation polymers similar? How are they different in terms of monomers that make up the polymers
and their physical and chemical properties?
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.
31. True or false?
a) Since carbon has 4 valence electrons it can form single, double, triple or quadruple bonds.
b) All organic compounds have a backbone of carbon atoms.
c) Pentane and 2-methylbutane are isomers.
d) C6H10 is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
e) C8H16 is an alkyne.
f) As the number of carbons atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the boiling point increases.
g) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 is 2-ethyl hexane.
h) The accurate IUPAC name for CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2 is 2-methyl 4-pentene.
i) Septa is the prefix for a 7 carbon chain.