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Exercise 1 (7 points) An Ionic compound: Table Salt Sodium chloride (NaCl), the main constituent of table salt, is vital (indispensable) for our diet. However, its intake should be balanced. A high-salt diet has been linked with high blood pressure for people suffering high pressure, a daily intake of less than 1g of NaCl is recommended. Group I II Colu 1 2 3 4 mn 1 1H 2 3 11Na 4 Section of the periodic table 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 III 13 IV 14 6C V 15 VI 16 VII 17 VIII 18 9F 17Cl 1. Determine, referring to the given section of the periodic table, the atomic number of the element chlorine (CI). 2. Write the Lewis electron-dot symbol for the two atoms Na and Cl. 3. Explain the formation of the ionic bond in sodium chloride. 4. The Synthesis reaction of sodium chloride from sodium metal and chlorine gas is represented by the following equation: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s) a. Show, using oxidation numbers of the elements, that the mentioned reaction is oxidation-reduction. b. Identify the oxidizing agent in the above reaction. 5. The physician advises a patient to limit the intake of table salt through the diet. Based on the passage, give the name of the health problem from which the patient is suffering. Exercise 2 (6.5 points) Alkenes: Raw Materials The cracking of petroleum gives many products among them are Alkenes. These alkenes are used as raw materials for manufacturing plastics and many industrial products (as fuel additives, alcohols…). The circle graph shows the percentages of the uses of plastics in different fields of application. 1- Calculate the percentage use (X) of plastics for packaging. 2- The cracking of an alkane of formula (C7H16) gives (C5H12) and a hydrocarbon (A). - Find the molecular of the hydrocarbon (A) and give its name. 3- Ethene polymerizes to give polythene (polyethylene). Polyethene is often used to manufacture packaging materials (bags, bottles…). - Indicate among the properties given below, those of polyethene that are convenient for the purpose of this usage. Flexible, very hard, non-reactive, easily broken, permeable to water, electric insulator. 4- Ethene undergoes addition reaction with chlorine gas to give a compound (B). - Write the equation of the reaction using the structural formulas and give the name of the compound (B). 5- Based on the above passage, give two uses of ethene. Exercise 3 (6.5 points) Fossil Fuel and Air Pollution The figure given shows some pollutants released by burning fossil fuels. Some of these pollutants come from impurities in fuel or from lead compounds that are added to certain fuels. The fuel used in car engine contains hydrocarbons among which is a hydrocarbons (A) of formula C8H18. .1- Show that the hydrocarbon (A) is an alkane. 2- Write the names and formulas of two products, which are not shown in the figure that form during the complete combustion of hydrocarbon (A). 3- Give the names of two gases emitted from car exhaust, one leading to the formation of acid rain and the other contributing to the greenhouse effect. 4- Explain, why using fuel having low sulfur content contribute to reduce the formation of acid rain. 5- Suggest one way that can be used to reduce emission exhaust and another way to reduce pollution from the chimneys of factories. of pollutant gases from car