Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ancient Rome Chap 3 Sec 3 Notes The Beginnings of Ancient Rome The Formation of the Roman Republic Tiber River villages in Italy unite to form Rome around 750 B.C. Kings rule Rome for 200 years In 509 B.C., Rome becomes a republic—power belongs to citizens - citizens govern themselves through elected representatives The Senate Powerful Roman Senate is assembly of elected representatives - each year selects two leaders—consuls—to head government, military Patricians Early Senate is made up mainly of patricians—members of rich, landowning families - as the only citizens allowed to be judges, they control the law Plebeians Plebeian—ordinary, working male citizen: farmer, craftsperson - can vote, but cannot hold public office until 287 B.C. - in 287 B.C., plebeians gain equality with patricians The Expansion of the Roman World Controlling the Mediterranean By 200s B.C., Rome rules Italian Peninsula, central Mediterranean Carthage city-state rules North Africa, southern Spain - controls western Mediterranean, but defeated by Rome As population grows, Rome’s army, territories expand Roman culture, language spreads into Spain, Greece By 100 B.C., Rome rules most of Mediterranean area From Republic to Empire The End of the Roman Republic Julius Caesar—Roman general, governor of Gaul - Senate fears he is too powerful, orders him to resign In 45 B.C, Caesar wins the battle to control Republic - returns to Rome, becomes dictator, ends the Republic The Beginning of the Roman Empire Senators kill Caesar in 44 B.C.; civil war erupts In 27 B.C., Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son) begins Roman Empire - an empire is ruled by a single, powerful leader As emperor, Octavian took the name Augustus The Augustan Age Augustus rules Empire for over 40 years, continues its expansion - borders extend north to Rhine, Danube rivers Architects, engineers build new buildings, lighthouses Trade of olive oil, wine, pottery, marble, grain increases Literature includes Virgil’s long poem the Aeneid “Pax Romana” (Roman Peace)—200 years of peace, cultural growth The Rise of Christianity A New Religion Christianity spreads from Middle East after Augustus dies, A.D. 14 At first, mostly popular in eastern half of the Empire - spreads along transportation network through Empire by 200 A.D. Most leaders tolerate Empire’s different religions - but Christians are persecuted, punished, killed for their beliefs Constantine’s Vision Constantine becomes emperor in A.D. 306 Before a battle in 312, he has a vision of a cross in the sky - promises if he wins the battle, he will become a Christian - wins battle, keeps promise Christianity becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire