Download Benchmark I Review

Benchmark I Review
Name__________________
Date_________
Period____
Directions: Complete each section of the review by following the directions for each
section.
Standard(s):
1d Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of
information from transcription of RNA in the nucleus to translation of proteins on
ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
4a Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using
tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA.
4b Students know how to apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino
acids from a sequence of codons in RNA.
5a Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
5b Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA
during semiconservative replication and transcription from DNA into mRNA.
4c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect
the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.
4d Students know how specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to
different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences in the genes themselves.
Part I. Vocabulary Review: Using your coursework and the resources below sections
match the term to the correct definition.
Resources:
 http://www.angelfire.com/ill/protein/
 http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp12/1202003.html
 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
Term:
Transcription
Translation
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Definition
a.) brings amino acids to ribosomes during
protein synthesis
b.) form of RNA that carries genetic
information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for
protein synthesis.
c.) theory that states that, in cells,
information flows from DNA to RNA
proteins.
d.) sequence of three nucleotides that codes
for one amino acid, found on mRNA
e.) set of three nucleotides in a tRNA
molecule that binds to a complementary
mRNA codon during translation.
Anticodon
central dogma
DNA replication
RNA polymerase
Codon
Nucleotide
RNA
Uracil
f.) found on RNA only
g.) enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a
complementary strand of RNA from a
DNA template
h.) building block of DNA
i.) Ribonucleic acid, has uracil not thymine
j.) process of copying a nucleotide
sequence of DNA to form a complementary
strand of mRNA
k.) process of unzipping DNA and making
a duplicate copy of the strand
l.) “matching” half of an unzipped DNA
strand
m.) process by which mRNA is decoded
and a protein is produced.
n.) Deoxyribonucleic acid, contain thymine
not uracil
Complimentary strand
Part II. Short Answer Practice: Using your coursework and the resources below answer
the questions below.
Resources:
 http://www.angelfire.com/ill/protein/
 http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp12/1202003.html
 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
1.) Using the following DNA sequence fill in the blanks below:
DNA-TAG/GGG/CCA/TGA/TAT
mRNA-_____/_____/_____/_____/_____
tRNA- _____/_____/_____/_____/_____
AA’s- _____/_____/_____/_____/_____
2.) What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
3.) 5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded
for by this segment?
A4
B8
C 12
D 20
4.) Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication?
A 5' AGTCUT 3'3' TCUGTA 5'
B 5' AGTCAT 3'3' TCAGTA 5'
C 5' AGTCAT 3'3' CTGACG 5'
D 5' AGTCAT 3'3' UCAGUA 5'
5.) Semi-conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that
A DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins.
B each new DNA molecule contains two new single RNA strands.
C the two strands of DNA molecules run in opposite directions.
D each half of the original DNA molecule is joined with a new complementary DNA
strand.
6.) Explain the process of protein synthesis starting with a DNA molecule and ending with a
protein.
4a) Ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, protein synthesis
4b) amino acids, codons, genetic coding, anticodon
4c-) mutations, genes, DNA sequence, expression
4d) specialization, multicellular, gene expression, proteins
4e) amino acids, DNA sequence, proteins, organism
5a) structure, function, DNA, RNA
5b) protein, base pairing rules, replication, transcription
5c) DNA, mRNA, genetic engineering, biotechnology
5General: genetic composition, cells, genes, meiosis
Part III. Protein Synthesis Tutorials
 Open the link below.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp12/1202003.html
 Read the introduction.
 Click on “Animation”. Observe the animation.
 Click on “Conclusion”. Read the conclusion.
 Click on “Quiz”. Read your score here._____/3
“A Science Odysessy: You Try it DNA Workshop”
 Open the link below.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/

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Click on DNA Workshop Activity.
Click on Protein Synthesis.
Complete the matching activity for transcription.
Write a brief summary of the events of transcription here in the box below.
Transcription:
 Complete the translation matching activity.
 Write a brief summary of the events of translation in the box below.
Translation: