Download Chapter 11 Rome: Republic to Empire Lesson 1: The Founding of

Chapter 11 Rome: Republic to Empire Lesson 1: The Founding of Rome
Name _______________________
I. The Beginning of Rome
A. Geography
1) Italy is a _____________________ in the ______________________ Sea and is shaped like a ________:
the heel points toward _________________. The toe points toward the island of Sicily.
2) The __________ cross the top of Italy and separate it from the rest of Europe.
3) Rome’s ___________________ was conducive in promoting ______________ and
______________________ with other lands and the eventual _________________ of those lands.
4) Rome’s narrow, peninsular configuration ___________________ the ability of opposing land forces to
operate and the _________________________ Sea provided an effective _______________ against
____________________.
5) Italy has a _________ climate, rich soil, and large, flat plains that make good farmland.
6) Rome was built along the ____________ _____________ about 15 miles from the Mediterranean Sea.
7) The river could be used for fresh water, ______________________, and the _______________ of goods;
and its location meant that sea-going pirates could not attack the city.
8) Rome's geography was a critical component in its __________________, because the Alps Mountains
provided ______________________ from the north.
B. Early Settlers
1) ___________________, which run through the mountains, helped link people from different parts of
early Italy; they could trade ideas and goods with each other.
2) Between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C., groups of people settled in the hills and on the plains; these people
included the ______________ , who tended herds and grew crops on Rome’s hills. Their community
developed into Rome.
3) The people living there became known as the _________________.
II. The Greeks and Etruscans
A. The Greeks
1) Roman history does not just involve the Latins. Around 800 B.C. the ______________ and the
___________________ came to Italy.
2) The Greeks built many colonies in Italy between 750 B.C. and 500 B.C. and taught the Romans how to
grow _______________ and ______________ and to use the Greek ___________________. The Romans
also copied Greek sculpture and other __________.
3) Greek influences on Rome: Growing _______________ and grapes, the __________________, and art.
B. The Etruscans
1) The role of the ______________________ in the early development of Roman government is very
important. The Etruscans came from the area _______________ of Rome.
2) After conquering the village of Rome, the wealthy Etruscan family, known as the ________________,
established a ________________________ (undivided rule by a single person) that reigned over it for
more than a century. Under Tarquin rule, Rome began to ____________ in wealth and power.
3) Many Etruscans were rich _________________ and ________________; others were devoted to art, and
created jewelry, tools, and weapons.
4) The Etruscans taught the Romans how to____________ temples, _______________, and public squares.
5) The Etruscans introduced _______________ and short cloaks: a toga is like a sheet wrapped around your
body, with one end over your ____________________.
6) The Etruscans showed the Romans how an _______________ could be more __________________.
7) Etruscan influences on Rome were: ____________________, roads, clothing, and an _____________.
Rome Lesson 1 (page 2)
Name _____________________________
III. Becoming a Republic
A. The Change from Monarchy
1) The Etruscans ruled Rome for more than _________ years.
2) The people benefited from Etruscan _______________ and ______________, but they got tired of
Etruscan rulers.
3) Eventually the Romans rebelled and overthrew their king because of increasingly cruel treatment of the
people.
4) In place of a monarchy, the Romans established a _____________________ in 509 B.C.
5) A republic is a form of government in which ______________ _______________ their leaders.
6) Rome was still a small city when it became a republic, and had enemies all around it.
7) Over the next ___________ years, Rome fought many wars, and by 267 B.C., the Romans had taken over
the Greek colonies in what is now known as ______________. By then, the Romans ruled almost the
entire Italian peninsula.
B. The Roman Army Maintains Control
1) The Roman _____________________ grew because of its ______________ ___________, as Roman
soldiers were well trained.
2) At the beginning of the republic, _______________ _____________ citizen who ______________
_______ had to join the army. Men who ran away, or deserted the army, were killed. This turned Romans
into ______________________ ______________________.
3) The Romans also thought of a better way to organize their army-instead of using a phalanx. Instead, the
Roman generals divided their armies into groups of soldiers called _____________________.
4) Each legion had about 6,000 men. Legions were broken into even ________________ groups of 60 or
120 men.
5) These small groups could move very _____________________ in battle.
6) Roman soldiers used a short sword called a gladius and an iron spear called a _________________.
7) Each group also had a __________________. A standard was a tall ____________ with a
________________ on top—sometimes an eagle or other animal.
8) One soldier would hold up the standard so others could see it. This helped the group stay
_____________________ during battle.
9) They built military ________________ in every region they conquered. Then they built ____________
between these towns. The Romans learned how to build structures that carried flowing water to cities,
called _____________________________ that were designed to supply fresh water to cities. Many
aqueducts and roads built by the Romans are still functional today, a testament to their engineering
expertise. Also, the Romans used _________________ in their buildings, bridges, and aqueducts.
10) Soon their armies could travel quickly across the land. The Romans believed they needed to treat
conquered people ________________, and they stressed that people would become ______________ to
Rome.
C. The Republic Expands
1) The Romans created the ________________ __________________________. It gave some conquered
people full Roman ______________________: they could vote and be in the government.
2) The Romans made other people _______________: allies could run their own towns, but they had to pay
____________________ to Rome. Allies also had to fight in Rome’s armies. With these procedures, the
Romans hoped to keep _____________________ .
3) The Roman republic grew ________________________ and lasted almost ________ ______________
years, during which time it continued to grow more powerful through extensive ____________ and
____________________.
4) The combination of these political and cultural features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of peace,
prosperity, and expansion culminating in the _____ _____________, or “Roman Peace.”