Download ies la arboleda – centro tic - plurilingüe

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1. 2. THE ACTUAL MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
WARMING UP
Your teacher will show you a film: It is
a quick journey through our known
universe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17jy
mDn0W6U&feature=related
- Is the sun the centre of the universe?
- Where is the centre of the universe?
- Where are we?
- Is the universe as small as Nicholas
Copernicus believed?
You are
here!
No one knows the exact size of the
Universe, but we know it is incredibly
huge. It includes living things, planets,
stars, galaxies, nebulae, dust clouds,
light, energy and even time
PRE-TASK
Match the name to the right picture:
nebulae
living things,
planets,
galaxies,
stars,
dust clouds,
light, energy
time
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
Tfno: 956 243516 Corporativo – 490516 Fax: 956 243522 Corporativo - 490522
e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
1.2.1. THE BIG BANG THEORY
Now we know that the universe is very complex and it is always changing.
Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving away from Earth and the
distances between galaxies are bigger and bigger, so the universe is
expanding. Hubble thought that these galaxies were together in a common
point in the past. This idea is the origin of the Big Bang theory, which is
represented in the picture below. It is also explained in this film
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVsHjnY-o9s&feature=related
http://ssscott.tripod.com/BigBang.html
* Choose the correct answers:
- When the universe had cooled down after the Big Bang, the first stars, galaxies and
clusters of galaxies were formed.
- The universe has not evolved. It does not change.
- The universe is extremely hot.
- The universe is bigger and bigger because it is expanding.
- The stars we see in the night never change.
- The universe is empty.
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
TASK
* Wall-e is in a bit of a mess. He does not know the correct order of these sentences. Can you
help him?
A) The universe was contained in a single point in
space. All of the matter and energy of space was then
contained at this point. What existed prior to this
event is completely unknown. About 13.73 billion
years (13.730.000.000 years) ago a tremendous
explosion started the expansion of the universe. This
explosion is known as the Big Bang.
B) When the universe is 1.000.000.000 years old, these
atoms were attracted by gravity to form giant clouds that
will become young galaxies. The hydrogen and helium
gases began to condense and make the first stars. These
stars die and new stars and planets are formed.
C) 300.000 years later, the universe had a temperature of
10.000 ºC, and the first atoms were formed, mostly
hydrogen and helium.
D) After the Big Bang, the universe was tremendously
hot. After 0,0000000000000000000000000000000001
seconds
it
was
at
1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 ºC, but it cooled
as it expanded.
Imagine…! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeUcjqqhNxM&lr=1
To know more: http://www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/SEMSZ5WJD1E_OurUniverse_0.html
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
Tfno: 956 243516 Corporativo – 490516 Fax: 956 243522 Corporativo - 490522
e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
1.2.2. TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR OBSERVING THE UNIVERSE
Scientists have developed several tools to observe and explore the universe: Ground-Based
Telescopes are used to measure the light emitted by stars and to detect other celestial bodies.
However, atmosphere produces distortion in the light coming from space, to avoid this fact
we use Space-Based Telescopes and other instruments. Some tools used to collect information
are shown in the pictures. We may use telescopes, astronomical observatories, planetary
explorers like robotic rovers, artificial satellites, spatial stations and others.
TASK
Match the name to the definition and its picture.
Space telescope
Astronomical space
observatory
Radio telescope
Man-made object
that orbits the Earth or
other planets, such as
Venus or Mars
Telescope
Instrument that aids in
the observation of
remote objects by
collecting
electromagnetic
radiation likevisible
light
Planetary
explorer
A spacecraft capable of
supporting a crew that
studies the universe or do
experiments for many
days
Artificial
satellite
Spatial
station
Antenna used in radio
astronomy to study
naturally occurring radio
emission from stars,
galaxies, quasars, and
other astronomical objects
Robot used in missions
performing in situ
exploration of the surface
and atmosphere for any
planet outside the Earth
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
Tfno: 956 243516 Corporativo – 490516 Fax: 956 243522 Corporativo - 490522
e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
1.2.3. SCALES AND MEASURES IN THE UNIVERSE
Astronomers use a variety of units in the measurement of distances in the universe.
-
The international unit: the meter, but also the kilometer, are used to describe the
diameter of the Earth or the Earth-Moon distance, for example.
Average Earth-Moon distance is about 400,000 km. The Apollo
11 astronauts were launched on July 16th 1969 from Kennedy
Space Centre. They reached lunar orbit after only three days in
space on July 19th 1969.
a) How many kilometres did they travel a day?
b) How many km an hour did they travel?
If you want to measure the diameter of the Earth, is the km
a good unit?
a) Yes, it is a good unit because the value is not very big
and it is not very small.
b) No, it is not, because the value is too big
c) No, it is not, because the value is very small
To measure distances in the Solar
System, is the km a good unit?
a) Yes, it is. The numbers are not very
big.
b) No, it is a small unit, so that the
numbers are very big
-
The Astronomical Unit (AU) = 149.600.000 km.
This is the average Earth-Sun distance. It is useful
for solar system distance measurements.
a) What is the value of the AU in m?
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Saturn is about 10 AU away from the sun.
a) How far is it Saturn from Planet Earth?
(Result in AU)
b) How far is it from the Sun? (Result in
kilometres)
-
Light year (ly) = 63240 AU. The distance that light travels in a year. The speed of
light is the fastest thing there is. It travels at 300.000 km/s!. It is used for nearby stars.
The nearest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri. If we measure the distance in km, we
obtain a really big number. If we use the light year, the result is that Proxima Centauri
is 4,22 ly from the Sun.
- Parsec (pc) = 3.26 ly. The distances
in the universe are so high that this is
the most commonly used unit in
astronomy. We also use the kiloparsec
(kpc) = 1000 pc; it is used for galactic
distances The megaparsec (Mpc) = a
million (1.000.000) pc is used for
extragalactic distances.
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
1.2.4. WHERE ARE WE IN THE UNIVERSE?
Let´s begin the journey!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_132047&feature=iv&src_vid=J9UXfK5fxak&v=MLoN4MNv90A
We live in Planet Earth, of course.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ev9oPUNaqXE&feature
=related
Our planet is part of the Solar System. It takes about 8 minutes for light from the Sun to reach
Earth
Our sun is not alone. In this pictures we can see our sun´s neighbourhood
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf7HLOCZ7xQ
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
All these stars are in a group of stars and clouds of gas
and dust that we called a galaxy, the Milky Way galaxy.
Astronomers estimate that there are 200.000.000.000 to
400.000.000.000 stars contained within the Milky Way
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smucbDVyRU&feature=related
The nearest galaxies are easily visible with the naked eye from the Southern hemisphere. They
will be ‘eaten’ by our Galaxy in the future – galactic cannibalism!
The Milky Way is
surrounded by other
galaxies.
This
map
shows the nearest of
these galaxies. There are
at least 45 galaxies in
the so called “local
group”.
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=tLnupK8r5g8
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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The Milky Way is one of the three largest
galaxies of the Local Group. Most of the others
are ‘dwarf’ galaxies. Andromeda galaxy (or
M31) is bigger in size than the Milky Way.
Triangulum galaxy (M33) is lower in size than
the Milky Way
Write them in order of size:
____________>_____________ >__________
Galaxies tend to cluster into groups,
all of these groups of galaxies in the
picture are known as the Virgo
Supercluster.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b
mmkKqHAVMs
http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/
Galaxies and clusters of galaxies are not
uniformly distributed in the Universe.
They may be grouped in “local
superclusters”. The map below shows
some of these superclusters including the
Virgo supercluster.
http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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Watch the video and answer the questions:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu2-9omdXNc&feature=related
All galaxies form part of a local group of galaxies perhaps …
a) 20 galaxies
b) 30 galaxies
c) 40 galaxies
If we look farther up, we are part of the …
a) Virgo supercluster of galaxies
b) Bingo hipercluster of galaxies
c) Ringo Star cluster of galaxies
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has a mission that consist of telling us about
a) the shape of the galaxies, their make up and how they are distributed
b) the names of the galaxies
c) the distribution of the planets.
They have discovered that superclusters
a) are connected into structures called filaments forming a web, like a sponge.
b) are not connected
c) were connected, but they are not now.
All these structures form the visible universe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhofN
1xX6u0&feature=related
http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/
To finish with:
http://blog.recitdevoyage.fr/public/National_Geographic_-_The_Universe_Map.jpg
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
Buzz Lightyear wants to travel to from Planet Earth to places in the Universe
never seen, but he does not know how to go from the closest celestial bodies
to the outer places. They are disordered. Put them in order
A < ____ < ____ < ____ < ____< ____< ____< H
A
D
G
B
C
E
F
H
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
KEY
PRE-TASK
nebulae
living things,
planets,
galaxies,
stars,
dust clouds,
light, energy
time
1.2.1. THE BIG BANG THEORY
* Choose the correct answers:
- When the universe had cooled down after the Big Bang, the first stars, galaxies
and clusters of galaxies were formed.
- The universe has not evolved. It does not change.
- The universe is extremely hot.
- The universe is bigger and bigger because it is expanding.
- The stars we see in the night never change.
- The universe is empty
TASK
* Wall-e is in a bit of a mess. He does not know the correct order of these sentences. Can you
help him
The correct order should be:
(A)- The universe was contained in a single point in space. All of the matter and energy of space was then
contained at this point. What existed prior to this event is completely unknown. About 13.73 billion years
(13.730.000.000 years) ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe. This explosion is
known as the Big Bang.
(D) - After the Big Bang, the universe was tremendously hot. After 0,0000000000000000000000000000000001
seconds it was at 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 ºC, but it cooled as it expanded.
(C) - 300.000 years later, the universe had a temperature of 10.000 ºC, and the first atoms were formed, mostly
hydrogen and helium.
(B) - When the universe is 1.000.000.000 years old, these atoms were attracted by gravity to form giant clouds
that will become young galaxies. The hydrogen and helium gases began to condense and make the first stars.
These stars die and new stars and planets are formed.
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
Tfno: 956 243516 Corporativo – 490516 Fax: 956 243522 Corporativo - 490522
e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
1.2..2. TOOLS AND INSTRUMETS FOR OBSERVING THE UNIVERSE
Space Telescope
Astronomical space
observatory
Radio Telescope
Man-made object
that orbits the Earth or
other planets, such as
Venus or Mars
Telescope
Instrument that aids in
the observation of
remote objects by
collecting
electromagnetic
radiation like visible
light
Planetary
explorer
A spacecraft capable of
supporting a crew that
studies the universe or do
experiments for many
days
Artificial
satellite
Spatial
station
Antenna used in radio
astronomy to study
naturally occurring radio
emission from stars,
galaxies, quasars, and
other astronomical objects
Robot used in missions
performing in situ
exploration of the surface
and atmosphere for any
planet outside the Earth
1.2.3. SCALES AND MEASURES IN THE UNIVERSE
Average Earth-Moon distance is about 400,000 km. The Apollo 11 astronauts were launched
on July 16th 1969 from Kennedy Space Centre. They reached lunar orbit after only three days
in space on July 19th 1969.
a) How many kilometres did they travel a day? 400.000 : 3 = 133.333 km
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
b) How many km an hour did they travel? 133.333 km : 24 h = 5555,5 km/h
If you want to measure the diameter of the Earth, is the km a good unit?
a) Yes, it is a good unit because the value is not very big and it is not very small.
b) No, it is not, because the value is too big
c) No, it is not, because the value is very small
To measure distances in the Solar System, is the km a good unit?
a) Yes, it is. The numbers are not very big.
b) No, it is a small unit, so that the numbers are very big
The Astronomical Unit (AU) = 149.600.000 km.
a) What is the value of the AU in m? 149.600.000 km x 1000 = 149.600.000.000 m
Saturn is about 10 AU away from the sun.
c) How far is it Saturn from Planet Earth? (Result in AU) 10 – 1 = 9 AU
d) How far is it from the Sun? (Result in kilometres) 10 x 149.600.000 km =
1496.000.000 km
1.2.4. WHERE ARE WE IN THE UNIVERSE?
- Andromeda galaxy (or M31) is bigger in size than the Milky Way. Triangulum galaxy
(M33) is lower in size than the Milky Way.
Write them in order of size:
Andromeda galaxy (or M31) > Milky Way > Triangulum galaxy (M33)
- Watch the video and answer the questions:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu2-9omdXNc&feature=related
All galaxies form part of a local group of galaxies perhaps …
d) 20 galaxies
e) 30 galaxies
f) 40 galaxies
If we look farther up, we are part of the …
d) Virgo supercluster of galaxies
e) Bingo hipercluster of galaxies
f) Ringo Star cluster of galaxies
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has a mission that consist of telling us about
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
C/ Padre Ellacuría, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
Tfno: 956 243516 Corporativo – 490516 Fax: 956 243522 Corporativo - 490522
e-mail:[email protected] http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ies_laarboleda
d) the shape of the galaxies, their make up and how they are distributed
e) the names of the galaxies
f) the distribution of the planets.
They have discovered that superclusters
d) are connected into structures called filaments forming a web, like a sponge.
e) are not connected
f) were connected, but they are not now.
Buzz Lightyear wants to travel to from Planet Earth to places in the Universe
never seen, but he does not know how to go from the closest celestial bodies
to the outer places. They are disordered. Put them in order
The correct order is:
A < E < B< D < F< G< C< H