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The Political Development of Imperial China 16.1-16.3 Reading Notes 16.1 Introduction What were the three approaches to government in imperial China? 1. 2. 3. 16.2 The Government of Imperial China How did imperial Chinese emperors justify their right to rule? 16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty Did the Tang emperors make sure they chose the best people to run the government? Why or why not? Historians divide Chinese history into periods ruled by ______________, or ruling families. In this chapter, you will learn about China’s political development from ________________ to ________________ CE. Over time, Chinese emperors tried several ways of finding ____________________ people to ____________________________ their government. One method was to rely on an ___________________________ of wealthy land owners. During the Han dynasty, ________________________ for government jobs had to prove their __________________________ and _____________________ by passing strict tests. As a result, a class of _________________________________ evolved. Under later emperors, this system developed into a _______________________, or rule by officials of ____________________ ____________. In the 13th century, a nomadic people called the ____________________ took over China. Under this _____________________ ______ _____________________, some officials were friends and relatives of the emperor. In 221 BCE, [Qin Shihuangdi] became the first Chinese ruler to claim the title of ______________________. From that time on, China generally had an ___________________ government. Chinese rulers based their right to rule on the _______________________ of _____________________. The Han dynasty of ancient China held power for more than ____________ years. By 220 CE, __________________ (dishonest) ________________ and servants of the emperor ____________________ control of the government. The result was disastrous: 1. Workers ___________________________________________________________ 2. Bandits ____________________________________________________________ 3. Warlords ___________________________________________________________ 4. Small farmers________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ No new dynasty took over for the Han. Instead, China ____________ _____________ into ___________________ ___________________. In 618, a general named ____ _____________ established the ______________ dynasty. Like emperors before them, Tang rulers relied on a large ________________________. Officials __________________ _____________ and oversaw __________________ and ________________________ projects. They provided for the _________________ and made sure the ______________ were ___________________. Early in the [Tang] dynasty, emperors chose _______________________ for most highlevel ______________. Some officials were hired because their ______________ or ______________________ had held high government rank. Often, aristocrats gained positions by ____________________ into the imperial family. Even _______________ __________________ ________________________ favored aristocrats. Only the __________________could ______________ tutors, books, and time to study. ___________________ rebellions and battles between generals ended the Tang dynasty in 907 CE. The Political Development of Imperial China 16.1-16.3 Reading Notes