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Review over Respiratory System _____________________ - exchange of air between the atmosphere and the bloodstream _____________________ - exchange of air between the bloodstream and cells of the body _____________________ - the use of O2 by cells to produce energy in the form of ATP The purpose of the cilia in the trachea - _________________________________________ The lungs are located in the _____________ cavity _______________ fluid secreted by the pleural membranes functions to _______________ ____________________ ____________________ - major site of gas exchange in the lungs The trachea is kept open by _____________________________________ How many lobes are in the right lung? ______ left lung? ______ What causes air to move into the lungs? What causes air to move out of the lungs? _________________ - movement of substances from a higher concentration to a lower concentration Vocal cords are located in the _____________ During inspiration, what happens to the diaphragm? __________________ expiration? __________________ Tiny air sacs in the lungs - _______________ They are covered with ___________________, which is where ________________ takes place Name 2 functions of the respiratory system: 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ The most important gas regulating the rate of respiration is ___________ _______________ - the double membrane that covers the surface of the lungs __________________ - inflammation of this membrane Trace the pathway of air through the respiratory system: Nose Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as _________________________ _________________ - prevents food from entering the respiratory passageway when swallowing ____________________ - the fluid that keeps alveoli from collapsing Oxygen in the blood is transported by the iron-containing protein - ___________________ How do you change the pitch of your voice? How do you increase the loudness of our voice? Explain why it is impossible for a person to commit suicide by holding their breath. List the 3 ways that carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream: 1. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________ 3. ______________________________________ Describe the process of inspiration, making sure you identify: a. which muscles contract or relax? b. volume change in thoracic cavity? c. pressure changes in thoracic cavity? Researchers have determined that cigarette smoking paralyzes the cilia in the trachea. Knowing this, explain why smokers often suffer from severe bouts of coughing. How long is the trachea? _____________ Location of external respiration - ________________ How many alveoli are in each lung? ___________________ Most adults have _____________ respiratory cycles per minute (at rest) Name 2 ways oxygen is transported in the bloodstream: 1. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________ Write the chemical equation for the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions: What part of the brain controls the rate and rhythm of your breathing? _________________ Abnormalities of the respiratory system: bronchioles of the lungs become constricted - _______________ inflammation of bronchi - ____________________ walls of alveoli rupture leaving less area for gas exchange - _________________ Genetic disease that produces excessive mucus in lungs - ____________________ collapsed lung - __________________ malignant growth of cells in lungs - ___________________________
