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SNC 2D - FINAL EXAM REVIEW – JAN 2013
CHEMISTRY REVIEW
1.
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3.
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6.
7.
8.
Explain the differences between the two types of bonding: ionic and covalent. Make sure to
include differences in structure, bonding, types of atoms involved, and properties.
Show bonding for:
a. CaCl2
b. H2O
c. Al2P3
d. NH3
Name the following compounds:
a. NaCl
b. Mg3(PO4)2
c. P2O5
d. H2SO4
e. Cu(OH)2
Give the chemical formula for the following names:
a. Calcium nitrate
b. Iron (III) chloride
c. Hydrofluoric acid
d. Sulphur trioxide
e. Gold (I) sulphate
What is the different between chemical and physical change? How can we tell if a chemical
change has occurred?
Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass.
What are the four different types of reactions studied? Give an example of each type.
Indicate the type of reaction, give the products formed (if required) and balance the
following reactions.
a. ____ Mg(OH)2  ____ MgO + ____ H2O type: ________________
b. ____ Cl2 + ____NaBr  ____ Br2 + ____ NaCl
type: ________________
c. ____ Cu(ClO3)2 + ____ CaF2  ____ ___________ + ____ __________
type: ________________
d. ____ SrCl2 + ____ Na  ____ ___________ + ____ ___________
type: ________________
e. ____ N2 + ____ H2  ____ NH3
9.
type: ________________
What are the differences between acids and bases?
Property
Ion Present in Solution
Reactivity with metals
Electrical conductivity
Taste
Feel
pH range
10.
ACIDS
BASES
What is a neutralization reaction? Give a generalized equation and an example. What type of
reaction is a neutralization reaction?
What are the four factors that affect a chemical reaction? Explain each one.
11.
CLIMATE CHANGE REVIEW
1.
2.
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5.
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12.
Explain how wind is created.
Explain the jet stream and how it is formed.
What is thermohaline circulation? How is it formed? What effect does this have?
Describe the difference between climate and weather.
Describe how climate factors can impact on the weather & climate of a region.
What are the 4 parts of the Biosphere? Explain how each works to transfer the sun’s energy
around the earth.
What is a carbon sink? Give an example.
Explain the albedo effect using examples.
Put the five layers of the earth’s atmosphere in order, starting closest to the earth.
Explain the Greenhouse Effect.
What is the evidence that Climate Change is occurring?
Complete the table.
GG
Water Vapour
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ozone
Nitrous Oxide
Where it’s comes from
PHYSICS REVIEW
1. How would you explain how to find the virtual image of an object in a
plane mirror using this diagram?
2. What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image?
3. What does SALT stand for? How does it help you describe the
properties of an image?
4. Complete the table for an object placed in a converging mirror.
OBJECT
Location
beyond
C
at C
between
C and F
inside F
IMAGE
Size
Attitude
Location
Type
5. Is it possible to make an incandescent light bulb as efficient as a CFL by using a different
material for the filament? Why or why not?
6. Your friend claims that light travels at a speed of 3 x 105 km/sec and never changes. You
disagree. How can you show that light can travel at different speeds?
7. How are the rules for locating an image in a diverging mirror different from those for a
converging mirror?
8. Draw the image that would result from this reflection in a diverging mirror.
9. Use the diagram to explain what happens to light rays that
come from water into air.
10. You have determined the speed of light through a certain
crystal. How would you calculate the crystal’s index of
refraction?
11. Compare and contrast what happens when a light ray travelling through a pond strikes the surface
at an angle (1) less than the critical angle of water, (2) equal to the critical angle of water, and (3)
greater than the critical angle of water.
12. Create a table that compares the SALT (size, attitude, location, and type) characteristics for a
converging lens for objects placed:
(a) beyond 2F’
(b) at 2F’
(c) between 2F’ and F’
(d) at F’
(e) inside F’
13. Explain the rules of imaging for converging lenses.
14. Explain the rules of imaging for diverging lenses.
15. Show where the image will appear. Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright?
BIOLOGY REVIEW
Match each organelle with the correct location in the drawing below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
nucleus
nuclear membrane
cytoplasm
cell membrane
Golgi body
f.
g.
h.
i.
endoplasmic reticulum
vacuole
ribosome
mitochondrion
Short Answer
10.
11.
12.
13.
How are osmosis and simple diffusion similar?
What does mitosis accomplish within the cell?
Describe what typically occurs during the longest
stage of the cell cycle for most cells, interphase.
What are the major differences between plant
cells and animal cells discussed in this chapter?
14.
15.
What type of cell is shown? How do you know?
Describe the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis. Explain any tips that help you
remember the difference.
What will be true of the DNA in every normal cell within an organism? Explain.
Describe the difference between diffusion and osmosis.
Describe the difference(s) between asexual and sexual reproduction.
What are the four phases of mitosis, in order?
Describe what happens in the system shown on the right.
Describe the process of food digestion, from start to finish.
Generalize what occurs in the diagram below. Include in your description the
name and function of the yellow part of the system.
16.
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23.
What have you learned about the system shown below? Describe the structure and function of
this system.
Explain why plants do not need to go in search of food.
Compare and contrast the two types of vascular tissues
found in plants, xylem and phloem.
Describe the two main body systems of plants. Include in
your description the general function of each system.
Summarize why a bumble bee flying from one flower to
another to drink nectar is important to a plant.
What link do scientists hypothesize there might be
between the number of plants on Earth and global
warming?
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

Review all tests and test reviews as well. Each unit in the
textbook has an end of unit review and self-quiz.
BIO
Answer Section
MATCHING
1.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
2.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
3.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
4.
ANS: I
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
5.
ANS: G
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
6.
ANS: A
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
7.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
8.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
9.
ANS: H
PTS: 1
REF: K/U
LOC: B2.3 MSC: What Do You Remember?
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
SHORT ANSWER
10.
ANS:
They both proceed from an area of higher concentration to one of a lower concentration.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 2.3 The Importance of Cell Division
LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
11.
ANS:
The contents of the nucleus are divided.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 2.5 The Cell Cycle
LOC: B3.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
12.
ANS:
Interphase is the stage where all of the cell’s life activities occur except division. It is not a
resting stage for the cell.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 2.5 The Cell Cycle
LOC: B3.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
13.
ANS:
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, whereas animal cells do not. Plant cells typically
contain a single, large vacuole.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
14.
ANS:
It is a plant cell because it contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a singular, large vacuole.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells
LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
15.
ANS:
Mitosis is the stage in which the contents of the nucleus divide. Cytokinesis is the stage where
the rest of the cell divides into two daughter cells. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
Cytokinesis is easy to remember as the phase where the cytoplasm (rest of the cell outside the
nucleus) divides.
PTS: 1
OBJ: 2.5 The Cell Cycle
MSC: Reflect on Your Learning
LOC: B3.1
16.
ANS:
It will be identical. Every organism began with one cell and divided. Every division creates
daughter cells with identical DNA.
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 2.5 The Cell Cycle
LOC: B3.2 MSC: What Do You Understand?
17.
ANS:
Diffusion is the transport mechanism for the movement of chemicals in and out of the cell.
Osmosis is the movement of water in and out of the cell.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 2.3 The Importance of Cell Division
LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
18.
ANS:
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are exact genetic
copies of the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two cells from two different parents in which
half the DNA from each parent is passed to the offspring.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 2.3 The Importance of Cell Division
LOC: B2.1 MSC: What Do You Understand?
19.
ANS:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
PTS: 1
REF: K/U OBJ: 2.5 The Cell Cycle
LOC: B3.1 MSC: What Do You Remember?
20.
ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: The diagram is demonstrating the circulatory system. Blood
receives oxygen from the lungs and is pumped back through the heart and throughout the body
in arteries. Capillaries receive the oxygenated blood and take it to the organs and other tissues.
Oxygen is taken out of the blood and used by the body. The capillaries return the deoxygenated
blood to veins, which carry it back to the heart and lungs to receive oxygen again. The cycle is
continuous.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 3.4 The Circulatory System
LOC: B3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?
21.
ANS:
Food is taken in through the mouth, where chewing and saliva begin the digestive process. The
food is swallowed and passed into the esophagus, where it is moved slowly along by smooth
muscle. It is moved into the stomach, where it is saturated with digestive enzymes and acid.
Then the food is moved into the intestines, where the digestible food is absorbed and carried to
other parts of the body. The undigested food is moved into the colon, where the water is
absorbed out of it and the rest is excreted as waste through the anus.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 3.3 The Digestive System
LOC: B3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?
22.
ANS:
Messages in the form of electrical impulses are sent from the brain to the muscle, travelling
from nerve cell to nerve cell. The yellow parts are the pathways, called axons, that the
electrical impulses travel along. They are covered with the myelin sheath, which acts as an
insulator as the impulses travel.
PTS: 1
REF: K/U OBJ: 3.10 The Nervous System
LOC: B3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem
23.
ANS:
The respiratory system brings oxygen in through the mouth and the nasal cavity. Unless
swallowing, the epiglottis remains open so that the air can enter the trachea and travel to the
lungs. The lungs send the oxygen into alveoli, which are attached to capillaries. The capillaries
diffuse the oxygen into red blood cells while diffusing carbon dioxide back into the lungs. The
lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide up through the trachea and out through the mouth and
nasal cavity.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 3.6 The Respiratory System
LOC: B3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?
24.
ANS:
Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food.
PTS: 1
REF: A
OBJ: 4.1 Systems in Plants
LOC: B3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?
25.
ANS:
Xylem is the vascular tissue that carries the water and minerals absorbed in the roots to the
stems and leaves. It uses dead, hollow, elongated cells to transport the water and minerals
upward through the plant. Phloem carries the food produced in photosynthesis throughout the
plant. It uses living, elongated cells to transport the food throughout the plant (both up and
down).
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 4.2 Plant Tissue Systems
LOC: B3.4 MSC: Create and Evaluate
26.
ANS:
The two main body systems of plants are the root and the shoot systems. The root system is
the part of the plant that typically grows below ground. The root system anchors the plant,
absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores food. The shoot system is the system that
is specialized for two main functions: to conduct photosynthesis and to produce flowers for
sexual reproduction. The shoot systems of flowering plants are made up of three parts—the
leaf, the flower, and the stem—which all have distinctive functions.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 4.1 Systems in Plants
LOC: B3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?
27.
ANS:
The bee spreads pollen, which allows the plant to reproduce.
PTS: 1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 4.1 Systems in Plants
LOC: B3.4 MSC: Create and Evaluate
28.
ANS:
Global warming may be caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Scientists hypothesize that if there are more plants to photosynthesize, this will increase the
amount of carbon dioxide that is changed to oxygen.
PTS: 1
REF: C
OBJ: 4.4 Tissues Working Together
LOC: B3.4 MSC: Create and Evaluate
rev
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1.
ANS:
Sample answer: I would draw a series of object-to-mirror lines on the left side of
the mirror that were perpendicular to the mirror. On the right side of the mirror
I would draw image-to-mirror lines that were congruent to the lines above. Then I
would use the lines to draw the virtual image.
PTS:
MSC:
1
OBJ: 11.7 Images in Plane Mirrors
Reflect on Your Learning
LOC: E3.3
2.
ANS:
A real image is formed where light rays actually converge, which means it can be
formed on a paper screen placed at that location. A virtual image is formed where
light rays appear to be, usually behind the mirror, which means they cannot be
formed on a paper screen placed there.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors
E3.3 MSC: What Do You Understand?
3.
ANS:
SALT stands for Size, Attitude, Location, and Type. Size tells you the relative
size of the image compared to the object. Attitude signifies whether the image is
upright or inverted. Location tells where the image is located with respect to C, F,
and V. Type tells whether the image is real or virtual. These attributes precisely
identify what the image is and where it is located.
PTS:
MSC:
4.
OBJECT
Location
beyond
C
at C
between
C and F
inside F
1
OBJ: 11.7 Images in a Plane Mirror
Reflect on Your Learning
LOC: E3.2
ANS:
IMAGE
Size
smaller
Attitude
inverted
same
larger
inverted
inverted
larger
upright
Location
between C
and F
at C
beyond C
Type
real
behind
mirror
virtual
real
real
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors
E3.3 MSC: What Do You Understand?
5.
ANS:
No; By definition, the filament of an incandescent bulb gives off light because it is
hot. An incandescent light source will always produce more heat than light.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: A
OBJ: 11.2 How Is Light Produced?
E3.1 MSC: Create and Evaluate
6.
ANS:
Shine white light through a prism. The white light separates into colours because
the colours travel at different speeds, all slower than 3 x 105 km/sec.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 11.1 What Is Light?
E3.1 MSC: Create and Evaluate
7.
ANS:
The rules are the same except for the fact that F is now a virtual focus, located
behind the mirror, rather than an actual focus in front of the mirror.
PTS:
LOC:
8.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: T/I
OBJ: 11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors
E3.3 MSC: Create and Evaluate
ANS:
1
REF: A
OBJ: 11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors
E3.3 MSC: Solve a Problem
9.
ANS:
Sample answer: The refractive index of water is 1.33, and the refractive index of
air is 1. Because the refractive index of water is greater, when a light ray moves
from water into air, it is refracted away from the normal.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 12.5 Total Internal Reflection
E3.7 MSC: What Do You Understand?
10.
ANS:
I would divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed I determined in the
crystal.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: A
OBJ: 12.4 The Index of Refraction
E2.6 MSC: What Do You Understand?
11.
ANS:
Sample answer: When the angle is less than the critical angle of water, the light
ray will emerge from the water bent away from the normal, closer to the surface
of the pond. When the angle is equal to the critical angle, the light ray will be
refracted along the surface of the pond. When the angle is greater than the
critical angle, the light ray will be reflected back down into the water.
PTS:
LOC:
12.
1
REF: K/U OBJ: 12.5 Total Internal Reflection
E3.4 MSC: Create and Evaluate
ANS:
Object
Location
beyond 2F’
Size
Attitude
Location
Type
smaller
inverted
real
at 2F’
between 2F’
and F’
at F’
inside F’
same
larger
inverted
inverted
between
2F and F
2F
beyond 2F
no image
larger
no image
upright
no image
same as
object
no image
virtual
PTS:
LOC:
real
real
1
REF: C
OBJ: 13.1 Lenses and the Formation of Images
E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate
13.
ANS:
A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted through the principal focus.
A ray through the secondary principal focus is refracted parallel to the principal
axis.
A ray through the optical centre continues straight through without being
refracted.
PTS:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 13.3 Images in Lenses
LOC:
E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?
14.
ANS:
A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted as if it had come through the
principal focus.
A ray that appears to pass through the secondary principal focus is refracted
parallel to the principal axis.
A ray through the optical centre continues straight through on its path.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 13.3 Images in Lenses
E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?
15.
ANS:
The image is real and inverted.
PTS:
LOC:
1
REF: C
OBJ: 13.1 Lenses and the Formation of Images
E3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?