* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 89 - Rondout Valley High School
Gettysburg Address wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863) wikipedia , lookup
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Lost Cause of the Confederacy wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Carpetbagger wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Radical Republican wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Reconstruction era wikipedia , lookup
GUIDING QUESTION: Looking forward from 1860: Who was going to win the Civil War and why? DO NOW: Get notes and respond in your notes below it: If you were Pres. Lincoln, which option below one would you have chosen and why? Be prepared to explain your answer! Lincoln’s options after election: 1) compromise with South 2) allow secession 3) enforce law & preserve union Lincoln’s priority/goal: to preserve the union Says: The government was a union of people and not of states. Learning Objectives Lincoln's election & his first priority First battles reveal new kind of war Cost of war in lives New technology & industrial growth in the North War plans of the North & South Mr. Gilman – US History HW14 Ken Burns “Civil War: The Cause (1861)” Name: _______________________ Block: ____________ Date: ____________ To make up this assignment, search for and watch this video on Google Video: "The Civil War - The Cause (Episode 1 of 9)" 1) Consider the events leading, directly or indirectly, to the Civil War. Was slavery the main issue for the war’s beginning? What were other contributing factors? 2) If slavery began in this country in 1619, why did it take 200 years for it to become such a divisive issue? What specific events helped to make slavery an issue of public debate? Why did white people in the South believe that their liberty required the continuation of slavery? 3) What were Lincoln’s views of slavery and the impending conflict? REGENTS PREP QUESTION “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.” -Abraham Lincoln, 1858 1) According to this quotation, Abraham Lincoln believed that a. slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately b. sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union c. the Southern states should be allowed to secede d. to save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery 1860, Abraham Lincoln wins presidency; said: “A house divided against itself cannot stand” North won’t allow Slave Power (South dominating the federal govt.) South won’t accept Lincoln as President 1860 (Dec. 20), SC secedes and forms Confederate States of America with six other states of Lower South TURN & TALK: What does the cartoon show the South doing to the North? The election results shown on this map most clearly reflect the influence of a. nationalist motives b. sectional differences c. political stability d. ethnic conflicts Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States? a. Slavery was not profitable b. The government was a union of people and not of states. c. The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession. d. As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion. Comparison of Union and CSA What conclusion can we make based on the evidence? Examine the chart “Comparison of Union and CSA”. Union CSA Total population 22,000,000 (71%) 9,000,000 (29%) Free population 22,000,000 5,500,000 1860 Border state slaves 432,586 NA 1860 Southern slaves NA 3,500,000 Soldiers 2,200,000 (67%) 1,064,000 (33%) Railroad miles 21,788 (71%) 8,838 (29%) Manufactured items 90% 10% Firearm production 97% 3% Bales of cotton in 1860 Negligible 4,500,000 Bales of cotton in 1864 Negligible 300,000 Pre-war U.S. exports 30% 70% Respond in your notes, in the Regents Style: Who is going to win the Civil War and why? 1861, Ft. Sumter in SC is attacked; Upper South joins Confederacy and… “The Second War for Independence” begins Robert E. Lee says slavery is “a moral and political evil” but remains loyal to his home, Virginia becomes commander of Confederate army So why did Lee fight for the South? Both sides expect short & glorious war but it’s not short or glorious… First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, VA claims 5,000 lives Stonewall Jackson legend begins. Jackson said: “Never fight against heavy odds…” This strategy echoed: Art of War by Sun Tzu, 6th century BC Powell Doctrine How we glorify war! …but what cost? RESPOND IN YOUR NOTES IN THE REGENTS STYLE How many soldiers died in the Civil War (total)? Which statement is best supported by the data in the table? a. The Confederate troops lost the Civil War as a result of their higher numbers of injuries and fatalities. b. The Union army had better generals during the Civil War. c. The Civil War had more casualties than any other war. d. More soldiers died from disease than from wounds. So why was this war so deadly? The photographs of Mathew Brady, “father of photojournalism” What do all subjects have in common old ideas + new weapons New Technology = New Devastation Old war taught at West Point: rush in mass of men to overwhelm enemy New tech: balls bullets muskets rifles iron cannon balls exploding cannon shell & canister North increases industrial output to provide this deadly new technology Add to this: disease & Total War War Plans of North & South South fight war of attrition (weaker side dodges & wears down stronger side)—would have won this way BUT states’ rights is weakness southerners won’t let Jefferson Davis do attrition strategy—they insist that all of Confederacy must be protected at once SO war goal is to keep attacking armies outside of Confederacy North Conquer South with the Anaconda Plan: Northern ships cut South off from world Union gunboats cut South in two at Mississippi use advantages in population, industry, railroads, navy HW15: How did the North win the Civil War? Cite and explain at least three reasons (the Anaconda Plan counts as just one reason). GUIDING QUESTION: Did the ends justify the means in the Civil War? DO NOW: Familiarize yourself with the homework packet and ask me any questions about the HW16 that you may have. Answer question 1 on page 78—on the back of the notes page for today. Prepare to re-seat after Mr. Gilman announces Working Partners for this class. HW16: Civil War packet p76-78, q1-6; answer in the Regents style right under your class notes for today Learning Objectives Introduce homework packet and what is expected Understand changes to the U.S. as a result of the Civil War (some permanent, others unwritten) Understand how the promise of freedom and equality was made more true with the Emancipation Proclamation, the Gettysburg Address and the 13th Amendment Understand the final blows that brought down the CSA Changes Brought by War 1861, first federal tax on income Internal Revenue Act of 1862 (AKA IRS) national currency called greenbacks created transcontinental RR links East to West Homestead Act of 1862 1862, CSA passes draft (1st in U.S. history) 1863, Northern draft passed Agricultural colleges http://www.usastudyguide.com/usuniversitiesanduscollegesagriculture.htm Department of Agriculture created Govt. forms close relationship with big business http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TxqoMOp36c APPLYING HISTORY TO TODAY: Do you believe the government is justified in working through private corporations like Halliburton to accomplish its goals in places like Iraq and Afghanistan? Last point on Changes Brought by War… 1861, Lincoln shuts down newspapers and suspends habeas corpus The right of habeas corpus is the constitutionally bestowed right of a person to present evidence before a court that he or she has been wrongly imprisoned. Where Our Right of Habeas Corpus Comes From The right of writs of habeas corpus are granted in Article I, Section 9, clause 2 of the Constitution, which states, "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." THINK, PAIR, SHARE: In order to fight the war without distraction, Lincoln censored newspapers and arrested dissenters (those that disagreed with him). Do you believe the “ends justified the means” when Pres. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus? Turning Points in War 1862, Union troops move up Mississippi River, winning at Shiloh, TN and force surrender of Memphis, New Orleans, Baton Rouge 1862, Antietam, MD a draw but stops Lee’s advance into North at a cost of tremendous casualties 1863, Emancipation Proclamation (before Antietam No. had just seized slaves as contraband) Freemen quickly become 10% of Union army paid less, denied supplies 68,000 killed or wounded 21 win Medal of Honor Lincoln’s decision “freed” just the slaves in the Southern states that continued fighting. The Southern states which stopped fighting could have kept their slaves. Did the ends justify the means in this decision? 1863, Battle of Gettysburg: “The high water mark of the Confederacy” Robert E. Lee makes bold move to control key RR center in Harrisburg, PA’s but stopped and defeated at Gettysburg, putting South on defensive Picket’s Charge and other clashes during this three day battle kill or wound over 57,000 men 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address—the two minute speech redefines what America is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4bM9geY0do 1. Who did Lincoln mean when he talked about "our fathers"? 2. When Lincoln said "all men are created equal" he was drawing from the Declaration of Independence. Who was he including in that statement and Why did he refer to this document and not the U.S. Constitution? 3. Lincoln states what he thinks is the purpose of the Civil War. What is it, in his opinion? 4. What does Lincoln say is the responsibility of those who are still living? 5. What do you think Lincoln means by the phrase, "government of the people, by the people, for the people"? 1863, Ulysses S. Grant wages total war on Vicksburg, MS – North now in full control of Mississippi, South cut in two 1864, Sherman’s March to the Sea uses “Total War”: Sherman cuts 60 mile swath across South, from Atlanta to Savannah Total War: burned farms and homes, mass killing of farm animals, destruction of railroad tracks and factories TURN & TALK: In Sherman’s Total War, did the ends justify the means? 1865, 13th Amendment ends slavery Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 1865, April 9, Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House What is involuntary servitude and what exception does the 13th Amendment make for allowing it? 1865, April 13, Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in DC. Dies two days later. EXTRA CREDIT on quiz: What did Booth yell when leaping to the stage after assassinating Pres. Lincoln? QUIZ not next class, but class after that on Civil War and Reconstruction. Is this your Final Answer? In the North’s actions to end the war quicker, did the ends justify the means? GUIDING QUESTION: How did we attempt to rebuild the South after the Civil War? HW17: Civil War packet p86 q6, p88 q3-5, p90 q5-6. Answer in the Regents style right under your class notes for today. DO NOW: Read quote and respond under Guiding Question under “Freeman’s Goals”: What did newly free African-Americans in the South want after the Civil War? “The sole ambition of the freedman at the present time appears to be to become the owner of a little piece of land, there to erect a humble home, and to dwell in peace and security at his own free will and pleasure. If he wishes to cultivate the ground in cotton on his own account, to be able to do so without anyone to dictate to him hours or system of labor, if he wishes instead to plant corn or sweet potatoes—to be able to do that freedom from any outside control…That is their idea, their desire and their hope.” ~ a white northerner after the war after visiting the south DIDN’T GET TO PARAGRAPH AND BARELY MADE IT TO HAYES SLIDE summary of what owning land meant to freed African-Americans: Have students write goals up on board in a list OLD DO NOW: define Reconstruction in your notes OLD HW12: For Key Terms & People 1-8, 11-16, p380, write a sentence which includes the underlined term and explains its relation to Reconstruction or the Civil War. Number each. EXAMPLE: 14) In the Reconstruction South, sharecroppers often farmed land owned by their former masters and were in many ways still “owned” by them. NOT: Sharecropper: Farmer who grows crops on land owned by someone else and gives a share of the crops produced to the landowner in return for use of the of land and supplies. LEARNING OJBECTIVES Understand how the U.S. attempted to rebuild the South after the Civil War Decide on what the successes and failures of Reconstruction were Begin to explore the political reasons why Reconstruction ended Practice writing a Regents essay paragraph, reinforcing this info Reconstruction: 1863-1877, The federal government becomes more powerful after the war, in part, to prevent any more disunion, and attempts to bring southern states back into Union, rebuild infrastructure, and give blacks rights and opportunities. Who are the major players in Reconstruction? Players in Reconstruction Stuck in the middle freemen: freed slaves who want to start independent life sharecroppers: freed slaves who farmed land owned by someone else; never earned enough to break free from land REFORMERS……………………………………………………………………………CONSERVATIVES Radical Republicans: a faction of the Republican party that wanted immediate and full freedom for all ex-slaves and less leniency on the South Carpetbaggers: Northern Republican reformers who moved to South to help with Reconstruction Scalawags: Southern whites who became Republicans and helped with Reconstruction Northerners: want to pursue industrial agenda and need South to get back on its feet and supply raw materials ROLE CARDS: Take a role card and make sure it is properly labeled. LABEL the arrow in the blank box: Reformers……Conservatives IN YOUR ROLE: Do you want Reconstruction to succeed or fail and why? Southern whites: want to preserve old power system and way of life KKK: white supremacists terrorists who violently oppose Black equality MAKE A PREDICTION IN YOUR NOTES: Of all the players in Reconstruction, who do you think is going to get their way and why? What motivations did Southerners have to become “scalawags”? REVIEW: What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? …but it had to be made law so… Abolitionist Amendments 13th (1865) Freed the slaves 14th (1868) Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection and due process 15th (1870) Provided universal male suffrage (voting) Freemen walk hundreds of miles to rejoin family, start churches, begin a new life. Plans to Reconstruct South include: 1865, Land Redistribution (under General Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15) is a plan to give freeman land from broken up plantations (“40 acres & a mule”) but it never really happens 1865, Freedmen’s Bureau set up to give out clothes, medical supplies, meals, establish schools 1867, Military Reconstruction Act divides south into five districts, to be governed by Northern generals—Reconstruction policy is enforced by the military Results of Reconstruction It looks like blacks just might have a real shot at becoming full Americans African Americans serve in Congress and as Gov. of LA Black codes repealed Public education expanded Some land offered to Blacks to farm for their own profit—but not own But Southern resistance (which we’ll cover next lesson) and problems with the presidents after Lincoln end Pres. Andrew Johnson After Lincoln’s assassination, Johnson tries to bring South back into Union quickly, without harsh conditions The “Radical Republicans” try to impeach (charge him with wrongdoing and remove him from office) Johnson on made up charges but fall one vote short THINK IN YOUR ROLE: How do you feel or react the news from the White House? MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins? Pres. Ulysses S. Grant Great general but inept president Allowed corrupt government (including Crédit Mobilier scandal) Govt. focus shifts from justice & equality to winning elections THINK IN YOUR ROLE: How do you feel or react the news from the White House? MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins? Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes Democrat Samuel Tilden gets 250,000 more popular votes than Rutherford B. Hayes But four states electoral college votes are contested, throwing election to the Congress In the Compromise of 1877, Southern members of Congress allow Hayes to become president on one condition: Hayes promises to pull troops out of South. With no troops to force Southerners to do the right thing, What do you think happened to Reconstruction once Hayes pulled out the military? MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins? Reconstruction is abandoned Name: ______________________________________________ Block: _______ Date: ___________ Score: ______ EXIT TICKET 6: Reconstruction ____ 1) A major result of the Civil War was that the a. economic system of the South came to dominate the United States economy b. Federal Government’s power over the States was strengthened c. members of Congress from Southern States gained control of the legislative branch d. nation’s industrial development came to a standstill ____ 2) In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought to a. punish the South for starting the Civil War b. force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government c. allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible d. establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South ____ 3) The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, resulted in a. equal rights for women in the United States b. expanded rights for Native American Indians on reservations c. increased individual rights for African Americans d. additional rights for Southern segregationists ____ 4) The underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was a. the Credit Mobilier scandal b. a power struggle with Congress over Reconstruction c. his refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Court d. his policies toward Native American Indians GUIDING QUESTION: How did Reconstruction fail in its goal to rebuild the South with full freedom and equality for African Americans? DO NOW: Get a notes page and put yourself in their shoes… Everyone in the community knows you speak out against racism. One night, you find a burning cross in your yard. A week later a family member is murdered, with a note left on their body that says “Keep your mouth shut or leave!” You have two little children and must travel each night to another city to work. Will you continue to speak out? Jot a note down about what you will do—what is your plan? LEARNING OBJECTIVES Complete Exit Ticket from last class Understand the two things keeping freemen down after Civil War o Racist terrorism o Sharecropping system Sympathize with freemen in their reaction to racist terrorism and understand how terror kept them from pursuing their new rights Compare sharecropping with slavery Refine your skills in outlining and writing an essay HW18: 1) Study for exam on Civil War & Reconstruction next class 2) Complete essay addressing this question: What was Reconstruction and how did it succeed and/or fail? 3) Bring back signed Gradebook Report for one homework credit, one classwork credit, and five points on the exam. Imagine…as a freeman, are you going to continue to fight for your right to vote, own land, and speak your mind in the South? You have the 13th, 14th, 15th—why not live as an average American? THINK & DISCUSS YOUR DO NOW RESPONSE WITH A PARTNER: Imagine waking in the middle of the night to a crashing sound outside… Freemen weren’t the only targets… THINK SILENTLY: Who is the Klan’s target here? Sharecropping the new slavery After Civil War, freemen have right to own property, pursue whatever work they choose, and get profits from it but… Freemen own nothing once freed so freemen too poor to buy, or get loans for, their own farm o plus, low cotton prices hurt profits Southern whites rent sharecroppers land and charge too much for them ever to save money Let’s look at this another way… Even as industrial production booms during and after the war Freemen too poor to buy so they pay high rents from whites Freemen are free but own nothing Freemen can’t save, invest, learn Poverty and dependence are socio-economic cycles Southern Counterrevolution against Reconstruction Southerners enact “black codes”—laws to restrict freemen’s rights Curfews & vagrancy laws labor contracts debt peonage: labor contract loans What is a peon? During reconstruction it debt forced labor was… Jim Crow laws: formalized segregation = legally re-established slavery Voting is also closed to blacks through: Poll taxes literacy tests grandfather clauses 1866, Ku Klux Klan forms to intimidate African Americans & sympathetic whites (scalawags, carpetbaggers) harassment night-time raids cross burnings whippings lynchings What effect do you think the KKK had on blacks and progressive whites during Reconstruction? What effect do you think the KKK had on blacks and progressive whites during Reconstruction? kept them silent kept them submissive kept them from demanding or exercising their rights restricted their freedom The South knew they couldn’t bring back slavery—then what did it want exactly? Read the PRIMARY SOURCE below and jot down a note of what the South’s true goal was (the cartoon reinforces this idea): “We do not mean…slavery such as that which has been recently abolished, but some form of subordination of the inferior race that shall compel them to labor, whilst it protects their rights and provides for their wants.” Which shall rule? Who wins in the South? The lynch mob or the rule of law? PARTNER TASK 1) Create an outline for an essay on the question: “What was Reconstruction and how successful was it?” 2) Write an essay on that question to be handed in before the quiz next class. OUTLINE MODEL 1) Introduction: Why should your reader care? Thesis: What are you trying to prove? 2) Topic #1 (Body Paragraph #1) A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic) B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic) 3) Topic #2 (Body Paragraph #2) A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic) B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic) 4) Topic #3 (Body Paragraph #3) A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic) B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details) D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic) 5) Conclusion: Summation and/or Prediction PARAGRAPH MODEL The TOPIC SENTENCE gives the main idea of the paragraph The BODY SENTENCES provide details that support the main idea of the paragraph (at least 2-3 sentences) The CLINCHER SENTENCE sums up the paragraph APPLYING HISTORY TO TODAY Why do terrorists attack? What effect do they hope to have? Name: Thematic Essay Rubric: Reconstruction Block: Date: US History - Mr. Gilman 5-College-Ready, 4-Excellent, 3-OK, 2-Needs Improvement, 1-Poor CRAFTSMANSHIP: spelling, grammar; capitalization, punctuation STRUCTURE: demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme; intro and clincher sentences for each body paragraph CONTENT 1: detailed explanation of what Reconstruction was (bringing South back into US, rebuilding infrastructure, giving blacks rights/responsibilities, Land Redistribution, Freedman’s Bureau, Military Reconstruction Act, voting rights, sharecropping) CONTENT 2: explanation of Reconstructions successes (13 th, 14th, 15th amendments, Freedman’s Bureau, Military Reconstruction Act) CONTENT 3: explanation of Reconstructions failures (racist violence/terrorism, KKK, black codes, Jim Crow, Land Redistribution, sharecropping) What’s your total score? Add up all your numbers here (total possible score is 25): 5 4 3 2 1