Download 89 - Rondout Valley High School

GUIDING QUESTION: Looking forward from 1860: Who was going to win the Civil War and why?
DO NOW: Get notes and respond in your notes below it: If you were Pres. Lincoln, which option below
one would you have chosen and why? Be prepared to explain your answer!
Lincoln’s options after election:
1) compromise with South
2) allow secession
3) enforce law & preserve union
Lincoln’s priority/goal: to preserve the union
Says: The government was a union of people and not of states.
Learning Objectives
 Lincoln's election & his first priority
 First battles reveal new kind of war
 Cost of war in lives
 New technology & industrial growth in the North
 War plans of the North & South
Mr. Gilman – US History
HW14
Ken Burns “Civil War: The Cause (1861)”
Name: _______________________ Block: ____________ Date: ____________
To make up this assignment, search for and watch this video on Google Video:
"The Civil War - The Cause (Episode 1 of 9)"
1) Consider the events leading, directly or indirectly, to the Civil War. Was slavery the main
issue for the war’s beginning? What were other contributing factors?
2) If slavery began in this country in 1619, why did it take 200 years for it to become such a
divisive issue? What specific events helped to make slavery an issue of public debate? Why
did white people in the South believe that their liberty required the continuation of slavery?
3) What were Lincoln’s views of slavery and the impending conflict?
REGENTS PREP QUESTION
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half
slave and half free.” -Abraham Lincoln, 1858
1) According to this quotation, Abraham Lincoln believed that
a. slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately
b. sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union
c. the Southern states should be allowed to secede
d. to save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery
1860, Abraham Lincoln wins presidency; said: “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
 North won’t allow Slave Power (South dominating the federal govt.)
 South won’t accept Lincoln as President
1860 (Dec. 20), SC secedes and forms Confederate States of America with six other states of Lower
South
TURN & TALK: What does the cartoon
show the South doing to the North?
The election results shown on this map most clearly reflect the influence of
a. nationalist motives
b. sectional differences
c. political stability
d. ethnic conflicts
Which argument did President
Abraham Lincoln use against the
secession of the Southern States?
a. Slavery was not profitable
b. The government was a union of people and not of states.
c. The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession.
d. As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion.
Comparison of Union and CSA
What conclusion
can we make based
on the evidence?
Examine the chart
“Comparison of
Union and CSA”.
Union
CSA
Total population
22,000,000 (71%)
9,000,000 (29%)
Free population
22,000,000
5,500,000
1860 Border state slaves
432,586
NA
1860 Southern slaves
NA
3,500,000
Soldiers
2,200,000 (67%)
1,064,000 (33%)
Railroad miles
21,788 (71%)
8,838 (29%)
Manufactured items
90%
10%
Firearm production
97%
3%
Bales of cotton in 1860
Negligible
4,500,000
Bales of cotton in 1864
Negligible
300,000
Pre-war U.S. exports
30%
70%
Respond in your
notes, in the
Regents Style:
Who is going to win
the Civil War and
why?
1861, Ft. Sumter in SC is attacked; Upper South joins Confederacy and…
“The Second War for Independence” begins
Robert E. Lee
says slavery is “a moral and political evil”
but remains loyal to his home, Virginia
becomes commander of Confederate army
So why did Lee fight for the South?
Both sides expect short & glorious war
but it’s not short or glorious…
First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, VA claims 5,000 lives
Stonewall Jackson legend begins. Jackson said:
“Never fight against heavy odds…”
This strategy echoed:
 Art of War by Sun Tzu, 6th century BC
 Powell Doctrine
How we glorify war!
…but what cost?
RESPOND IN YOUR
NOTES IN THE
REGENTS STYLE
How many soldiers died
in the Civil War (total)?
Which statement is best
supported by the data in
the table?
a. The Confederate
troops lost the Civil War
as a result of their higher numbers of injuries and fatalities.
b. The Union army had better generals during the Civil War.
c. The Civil War had more casualties than any other war.
d. More soldiers died from disease than from wounds.
So why was this war so deadly?
The photographs of Mathew Brady, “father of
photojournalism”
What do all subjects have in common
old ideas + new weapons
New Technology = New Devastation
Old war taught at West Point: rush in mass of men to overwhelm enemy
New tech:
balls  bullets
muskets  rifles
iron cannon balls  exploding cannon shell & canister
North increases industrial output to provide this deadly new technology
Add to this: disease & Total War
War Plans of North & South
South
 fight war of attrition (weaker side dodges & wears down stronger side)—would have won this way
 BUT states’ rights is weakness
 southerners won’t let Jefferson Davis do attrition strategy—they insist that all of Confederacy must
be protected at once
 SO war goal is to keep attacking armies outside of Confederacy
North
 Conquer South with the Anaconda Plan:
 Northern ships cut South off from world
 Union gunboats cut South in two at Mississippi
 use advantages in population, industry, railroads, navy
HW15: How did the North win the Civil War? Cite and explain at least three reasons (the Anaconda Plan
counts as just one reason).
GUIDING QUESTION: Did the ends justify the means in the Civil War?
DO NOW: Familiarize yourself with the homework packet and ask me any questions about the HW16
that you may have. Answer question 1 on page 78—on the back of the notes page for today.
Prepare to re-seat after Mr. Gilman announces Working Partners for this class.
HW16: Civil War packet p76-78, q1-6; answer in the Regents style right under your class notes for today
Learning Objectives
 Introduce homework packet and what is expected
 Understand changes to the U.S. as a result of the Civil War (some permanent, others
unwritten)
 Understand how the promise of freedom and equality was made more true with the
Emancipation Proclamation, the Gettysburg Address and the 13th Amendment
 Understand the final blows that brought down the CSA
Changes Brought by War
 1861, first federal tax on income
 Internal Revenue Act of 1862 (AKA IRS)
 national currency called greenbacks created
 transcontinental RR links East to West
 Homestead Act of 1862
 1862, CSA passes draft (1st in U.S. history)
 1863, Northern draft passed
 Agricultural colleges http://www.usastudyguide.com/usuniversitiesanduscollegesagriculture.htm
 Department of Agriculture created
 Govt. forms close relationship with big business http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TxqoMOp36c
APPLYING HISTORY TO TODAY:
Do you believe the government is justified in working through private corporations like Halliburton to
accomplish its goals in places like Iraq and Afghanistan?
Last point on Changes Brought by War…
1861, Lincoln shuts down newspapers and suspends habeas corpus
The right of habeas corpus is the constitutionally bestowed right of a person to present evidence
before a court that he or she has been wrongly imprisoned.
Where Our Right of Habeas Corpus Comes From
The right of writs of habeas corpus are granted in Article I, Section 9, clause 2 of the Constitution,
which states, "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in
Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it."
THINK, PAIR, SHARE: In order to fight the war without distraction, Lincoln censored newspapers and
arrested dissenters (those that disagreed with him). Do you believe the “ends justified the means”
when Pres. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus?
Turning Points in War
1862, Union troops move up Mississippi River, winning at Shiloh, TN and force surrender of Memphis,
New Orleans, Baton Rouge
1862, Antietam, MD a draw but stops Lee’s advance into North at a cost of tremendous casualties
1863, Emancipation Proclamation (before Antietam No. had just seized slaves as contraband)
 Freemen quickly become 10% of Union army
 paid less, denied supplies
 68,000 killed or wounded
 21 win Medal of Honor
Lincoln’s decision “freed” just the slaves in the Southern states that continued fighting. The Southern
states which stopped fighting could have kept their slaves. Did the ends justify the means in this
decision?
1863, Battle of Gettysburg: “The high water mark of the Confederacy”
Robert E. Lee makes bold move to control key RR center in Harrisburg, PA’s but stopped and defeated
at Gettysburg, putting South on defensive
Picket’s Charge and other clashes during this three day battle kill or wound over 57,000 men
1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address—the two minute speech redefines what America is
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4bM9geY0do
1. Who did Lincoln mean when he talked about "our fathers"?
2. When Lincoln said "all men are created equal" he was drawing from the Declaration of
Independence. Who was he including in that statement and Why did he refer to this document and
not the U.S. Constitution?
3. Lincoln states what he thinks is the purpose of the Civil War. What is it, in his opinion?
4. What does Lincoln say is the responsibility of those who are still living?
5. What do you think Lincoln means by the phrase, "government of the people, by the people, for the
people"?
1863, Ulysses S. Grant wages total war on Vicksburg, MS – North now in full control of Mississippi,
South cut in two
1864, Sherman’s March to the Sea uses “Total War”: Sherman cuts 60 mile swath across South,
from Atlanta to Savannah
Total War: burned farms and homes, mass killing of farm animals, destruction of railroad tracks and
factories
TURN & TALK: In Sherman’s Total War, did the ends justify the means?
1865, 13th
Amendment ends
slavery
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
1865, April 9, Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
What is involuntary servitude and what exception does the 13th Amendment make for allowing it?
1865, April 13, Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in DC. Dies
two days later.
EXTRA CREDIT on quiz:
What did Booth yell when leaping to the stage after assassinating Pres. Lincoln?
QUIZ not next class, but class after that on Civil War and Reconstruction.
Is this your Final Answer? In the North’s actions to end the war quicker, did the ends
justify the means?
GUIDING QUESTION: How did we attempt to rebuild the South after the Civil War?
HW17: Civil War packet p86 q6, p88 q3-5, p90 q5-6. Answer in the Regents style right under your class
notes for today.
DO NOW: Read quote and respond under Guiding Question under “Freeman’s Goals”: What did newly
free African-Americans in the South want after the Civil War?
“The sole ambition of the freedman at the present time appears to be to become the owner of a little
piece of land, there to erect a humble home, and to dwell in peace and security at his own free will
and pleasure. If he wishes to cultivate the ground in cotton on his own account, to be able to do so
without anyone to dictate to him hours or system of labor, if he wishes instead to plant corn or sweet
potatoes—to be able to do that freedom from any outside control…That is their idea, their desire and
their hope.”
~ a white northerner after the war after visiting the south
DIDN’T GET TO PARAGRAPH AND BARELY MADE IT TO HAYES SLIDE
summary of what owning land meant to freed African-Americans:
Have students write goals up on board in a list
OLD DO NOW: define Reconstruction in your notes
OLD HW12: For Key Terms & People 1-8, 11-16, p380, write a sentence which includes the underlined
term and explains its relation to Reconstruction or the Civil War. Number each.
EXAMPLE: 14) In the Reconstruction South, sharecroppers often farmed land owned by their former
masters and were in many ways still “owned” by them.
NOT: Sharecropper: Farmer who grows crops on land owned by someone else and gives a share of the
crops produced to the landowner in return for use of the of land and supplies.
LEARNING OJBECTIVES
 Understand how the U.S. attempted to rebuild the South after the Civil War
 Decide on what the successes and failures of Reconstruction were
 Begin to explore the political reasons why Reconstruction ended
 Practice writing a Regents essay paragraph, reinforcing this info
Reconstruction: 1863-1877, The federal government becomes more powerful after the war, in part, to
prevent any more disunion, and attempts to bring southern states back into Union, rebuild infrastructure,
and give blacks rights and opportunities.
Who are the major players in Reconstruction?
Players in Reconstruction
Stuck in the middle
freemen: freed slaves who want to start independent life
sharecroppers: freed slaves who farmed land owned by someone else; never earned enough to
break free from land
REFORMERS……………………………………………………………………………CONSERVATIVES
Radical Republicans: a faction of the Republican
party that wanted immediate and full freedom for all
ex-slaves and less leniency on the South
Carpetbaggers: Northern Republican reformers
who moved to South to help with Reconstruction
Scalawags: Southern whites who became
Republicans and helped with Reconstruction
Northerners:
want to pursue
industrial
agenda and
need South to
get back on its
feet and supply
raw materials
ROLE CARDS: Take a role card and make sure it is properly labeled.
LABEL the arrow in the blank box: Reformers……Conservatives
IN YOUR ROLE: Do you want Reconstruction
to succeed or fail and why?
Southern
whites:
want to
preserve
old power
system and
way of life
KKK: white
supremacists
terrorists
who violently
oppose
Black
equality
MAKE A PREDICTION IN YOUR NOTES:
Of all the players in Reconstruction, who do you think is going to get their way and why?
What motivations did Southerners have to become “scalawags”?
REVIEW: What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
…but it had to be made law so…
Abolitionist Amendments
13th (1865)
Freed the slaves
14th (1868)
Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection and due
process
15th (1870)
Provided universal male suffrage (voting)
Freemen walk hundreds of miles to rejoin family, start churches, begin a new life.
Plans to Reconstruct South include:
1865, Land Redistribution (under General Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15) is a plan to give
freeman land from broken up plantations (“40 acres & a mule”) but it never really happens
1865, Freedmen’s Bureau set up to give out clothes, medical supplies, meals, establish schools
1867, Military Reconstruction Act divides south into five districts, to be governed by Northern
generals—Reconstruction policy is enforced by the military
Results of Reconstruction
It looks like blacks just might have a real shot at becoming full Americans
 African Americans serve in Congress and as Gov. of LA
 Black codes repealed
 Public education expanded
 Some land offered to Blacks to farm for their own profit—but not own
But Southern resistance (which we’ll cover next lesson) and problems with the presidents after Lincoln
end
Pres. Andrew Johnson
 After Lincoln’s assassination, Johnson tries to bring South back into Union quickly, without harsh
conditions
 The “Radical Republicans” try to impeach (charge him with wrongdoing and remove him from office)
Johnson on made up charges but fall one vote short
THINK IN YOUR ROLE: How do you feel or react the news from the White House?
MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins?
Pres. Ulysses S. Grant
 Great general but inept president
 Allowed corrupt government (including Crédit Mobilier scandal)
 Govt. focus shifts from justice & equality to winning elections
THINK IN YOUR ROLE: How do you feel or react the news from the White House?
MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins?
Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
 Democrat Samuel Tilden gets 250,000 more popular votes than Rutherford B. Hayes
 But four states electoral college votes are contested, throwing election to the Congress
 In the Compromise of 1877, Southern members of Congress allow Hayes to become president
on one condition:
Hayes promises to pull troops out of South.
With no troops to force Southerners to do the right thing,
What do you think happened to Reconstruction once Hayes pulled out the military?
MAKE A NOTE BESIDE THE PRESIDENT: Who wins?
Reconstruction is abandoned
Name: ______________________________________________ Block: _______ Date: ___________
Score: ______
EXIT TICKET 6: Reconstruction
____ 1) A major result of the Civil War was that the
a. economic system of the South came to dominate the United States economy
b. Federal Government’s power over the States was strengthened
c. members of Congress from Southern States gained control of the legislative branch
d. nation’s industrial development came to a standstill
____ 2) In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson
sought to
a. punish the South for starting the Civil War
b. force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government
c. allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible
d. establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South
____ 3) The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, resulted in
a. equal rights for women in the United States
b. expanded rights for Native American Indians on
reservations
c. increased individual rights for African Americans d. additional rights for Southern segregationists
____ 4) The underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was
a. the Credit Mobilier scandal
b. a power struggle with Congress over
Reconstruction
c. his refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Court
d. his policies toward Native American
Indians
GUIDING QUESTION: How did Reconstruction fail in its goal to rebuild the South with full freedom and
equality for African Americans?
DO NOW: Get a notes page and put yourself in their shoes…
Everyone in the community knows you speak out against racism. One night, you find a burning cross in
your yard. A week later a family member is murdered, with a note left on their body that says “Keep your
mouth shut or leave!” You have two little children and must travel each night to another city to work.
Will you continue to speak out? Jot a note down about what you will do—what is your plan?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Complete Exit Ticket from last class
 Understand the two things keeping freemen down after Civil War
o Racist terrorism
o Sharecropping system
 Sympathize with freemen in their reaction to racist terrorism and understand how terror kept them
from pursuing their new rights
 Compare sharecropping with slavery
 Refine your skills in outlining and writing an essay
HW18:
1) Study for exam on Civil War & Reconstruction next class
2) Complete essay addressing this question: What was Reconstruction and how did it succeed and/or
fail?
3) Bring back signed Gradebook Report for one homework credit, one classwork credit, and five points
on the exam.
Imagine…as a freeman, are you going to continue to fight for your right to
vote, own land, and speak your mind in the South?
You have the 13th, 14th, 15th—why not live as an average American?
THINK & DISCUSS YOUR DO NOW RESPONSE WITH A PARTNER:
Imagine waking in the middle of the night to a crashing sound outside…
Freemen weren’t the only targets…
THINK SILENTLY:
Who is the Klan’s
target here?
Sharecropping  the new slavery
After Civil War, freemen have right to own
property, pursue whatever work they choose,
and get profits from it but…
 Freemen own nothing once freed
 so freemen too poor to buy, or get loans for, their own farm
o plus, low cotton prices hurt profits
 Southern whites rent sharecroppers land and charge too much for them ever to save money
Let’s look at this another way…
Even as industrial production booms during and after the war
Freemen too
poor to buy
so they pay
high rents
from whites
Freemen
are free but
own
nothing
Freemen
can’t save,
invest,
learn
Poverty and dependence are socio-economic cycles
Southern Counterrevolution against Reconstruction
Southerners enact “black codes”—laws to restrict freemen’s rights
 Curfews & vagrancy laws
 labor contracts
 debt peonage: labor contract  loans 
What is a peon? During reconstruction it
debt  forced labor
was…
 Jim Crow laws: formalized segregation =
legally re-established slavery
Voting is also closed to blacks through:
 Poll taxes
 literacy tests
 grandfather clauses
1866, Ku Klux Klan forms to intimidate African Americans & sympathetic whites (scalawags,
carpetbaggers)
 harassment
 night-time raids
 cross burnings
 whippings
 lynchings
What effect do you think the KKK had on blacks and progressive whites during Reconstruction?
What effect do you think the KKK had on blacks and progressive whites during Reconstruction?
 kept them silent
 kept them submissive
 kept them from demanding or exercising their rights
 restricted their freedom
The South knew they couldn’t bring back slavery—then what did it want exactly?
Read the PRIMARY SOURCE below and jot down a note of what the South’s true goal was
(the cartoon reinforces this idea):
“We do not mean…slavery such as that which has been recently abolished, but some form of
subordination of the inferior race that shall compel them to labor, whilst it protects their rights and
provides for their wants.”
Which shall rule?
Who wins in the South? The lynch mob or the rule of
law?
PARTNER TASK
1) Create an outline for an essay on the
question: “What was Reconstruction and
how successful was it?”
2) Write an essay on that question to be
handed in before the quiz next class.
OUTLINE MODEL
1) Introduction: Why should your reader care?
Thesis: What are you trying to prove?
2) Topic #1 (Body Paragraph #1)
A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic)
B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic)
3) Topic #2 (Body Paragraph #2)
A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic)
B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic)
4) Topic #3 (Body Paragraph #3)
A. Topic Sentence (Introduce Topic)
B. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
C. Body Sentence (Sub-Topic: Provide Details)
D. Clincher Sentence (Summarize Importance of Topic)
5) Conclusion: Summation and/or Prediction
PARAGRAPH MODEL
 The TOPIC SENTENCE gives the main idea of
the paragraph
 The BODY SENTENCES provide details that
support the main idea of the paragraph
(at least 2-3 sentences)
 The CLINCHER SENTENCE sums up the
paragraph
APPLYING HISTORY TO TODAY
Why do terrorists attack? What effect do they hope to have?
Name:
Thematic Essay Rubric: Reconstruction
Block:
Date:
US History - Mr. Gilman
5-College-Ready, 4-Excellent, 3-OK, 2-Needs Improvement, 1-Poor
CRAFTSMANSHIP: spelling, grammar; capitalization, punctuation
STRUCTURE: demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction
and a conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme; intro and clincher sentences for
each body paragraph
CONTENT 1: detailed explanation of what Reconstruction was (bringing South back into US,
rebuilding infrastructure, giving blacks rights/responsibilities, Land Redistribution, Freedman’s
Bureau, Military Reconstruction Act, voting rights, sharecropping)
CONTENT 2: explanation of Reconstructions successes (13 th, 14th, 15th amendments, Freedman’s
Bureau, Military Reconstruction Act)
CONTENT 3: explanation of Reconstructions failures (racist violence/terrorism, KKK, black codes,
Jim Crow, Land Redistribution, sharecropping)
What’s your total score? Add up all your numbers here (total possible score is 25):
5 4 3 2 1