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Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System: The Heart Cont 2 conduction systems regulate heart activity: 1. autonomic nervous system- __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. intrinsic conduction (________ system)- a property of the heart, does not depend on ____________ _____________ impulses, specialized tissue causes _______________ in only one direction (_______ to _______); enforces contraction rate of approximately 75 beats per minute (even if all nerve connections are severed, the heart continues to beat rhythmically) cardiac conduction system (nodal system)- specialized noncontractile cells that initiate and distribute impulses throughout the heart sinoatrial node (SA)- the ___________ right _______________ depolarizes spontaneously 70-80 times per minute _________________________________________________________________ atrioventricular node (AV)at the junction of the _________ and _________ .04 seconds delayed .1 seconds at the ______________ (allows atria to complete their contraction) AV bundle (bundle of His) and bundle branches- in ______________________ septum Purkinje fibers- spread within the ______________________________ More elaborate on ________ side Total time from SA node to last ventricular muscle cells is .22 seconds in a healthy human heart Contraction is initiated by the ________________ node Sequential stimulation occurs at other ______________________ Heart sounds 2 distinguishable sounds- ____ and ____ lub= _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ dup= ______________________ valves snapping shut (aortic just before pulmonary) Cardiac cycle All events associated with the ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ (atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole) systole- period of __________________ diastole- period of _________________ (arbitrary starting point) 1. period of ventricular filling (mid to late diastole) low pressure, _______________________________ AV valves _______ AV valves _______, atrial depolarization, followed by atrial contraction (atrial systole) Atrial diastole (relaxation through the rest of the cycle) 2. ventricular systole as atria _______, ventricles begin _______ AV valves closed to prevent _____________ As ventricular pressure builds up, ___________________ valves are forced open, blood into __________________________________ trunk 3. Early diastole _____________begin to relax (throughout ventricular systole, atria were in diastole- filling with blood as pressure increases, AV valves forced open and ventricular filling begins again) Cardiac output (CO) Amount of _____________________________________________ CO = _________________________________________________ Stroke volume ________________________________________________________ Stroke volume _____________ as the force of ventricular contraction ____________ Normal Adult Volume of blood _________ ml passes through the human body once each minute. A healthy heart pumps out about ______% of the blood present in its ventricles That is approximately ____ ml (2oz) per heartbeat .