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Chapter 9 Ancient Greece Section 1 Peninsula- an area of land that is surrounded on 3 sides by water. *People settled in flat areas along the coast and in river valleys. *The Greeks became skilled shipbuilders and sailors. *Minoans- early people who lived on the island of Crete. *They traded wood, olive oil, and pottery around the Mediterranean Sea. Mycenaeans- early people who lived on the mainland of Greece. *First people to speak Greek. *Set up colonies in N. Greece & Italy. *Attacked other kingdoms. *Traded around the Mediterranean and Black Seas. *Mycenae- largest fortress on the mainland. Dark Age- a period of warfare and disorder. Polis- Greek word for independent city-state. Classical Age- an age marked by great achievements Acropolis- high hill built in the center of a Greek city. Agora- open-air marketplace, it also served as a meeting place *People thought of themselves as residents of a city, not as Greeks *Greeks set up colonies all around the Mediterranean and Black Seas. -----------------------------Section 2 Democracy- a type of government in which people rule themselves. \ Democracy means “rule of the people.” Aristocrats- a group of rich landowners Oligarchy- a government in which only a few people have power Solon- declared all free men in Athens were citizens Citizen- people who had the right to participate in government (Women, slaves, and foreigners could not be citizens) Peisistratus- overthrew the oligarchy & became a tyrant Tyrant- a leader who held power by the use of force. Cleisthenes- “the father of democracy”, he overthrew the aristocracy. Assembly- all citizens met outdoors to discuss and vote on issues. Juries- citizens decided court cases. (200-6,000 people) Juries always had an odd number to prevent ties. Pericles- elected leader who said people should be paid for holding public office or serving on juries What ended democracy in Athens? Athens was conquered by the Macedonians from the North. 2 Types of Democracy: 1. Direct Democracy- all citizens participate directly in the government. (Athens) 2. Representative Democracy- citizens elect officials to make the laws. (U.S. today) Our U.S. Senators are Barbara Boxer and Diane Feinstein. ______________________Section 3_______________________________________ Mythology- stories about gods and heroes that explain how the world works. Oracle at Delphi- A female priest to whom people thought the gods gave answers Theseus- hero who traveled to Crete and killed the Minotaur (half human, half bull) Hercules- Greek hero who fought and killed the hydra, a 9-headed snake. Olympic Games Held every 4 years at Olympia in honor of Zeus.Only MEN could compete. Homer- famous poet the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey.” Iliad- tells of the last years of the Trojan War, the adventures of Achilles. Odyssey- the challenges Odysseus faced on his way home from the war. Sappho- most famous lyric poet; she wrote about love and relationships. Fables- short stories that teach lessons about life THE END